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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does Earth move through space.
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-Spins on its Axis -ROTATION
-Travels around the sun-REVOLUTION -Tilts at 23 1/2 degrees |
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One day equal how man rotations
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one ROTATION
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One year equals how many revolutions
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one REVOLUTION
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Winter soltice is what ?
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The Earth is tilted AWAY from the sun.
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What is the shortest day in winter soltice?
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December 21
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What is the summer soltice?
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Earth is tilted TOWARD the sun.
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What is the longest day in the summer soltice?
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June 21st
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Eqinox means what?
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Equal night or 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness.
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Spring (Vernal) Equinox is when
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March
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Fall (Autumnal) Equinox is when?
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September
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What keeps the Earth and Moon in orbit?
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Gravity
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what is gravity?
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the force that attreacts all objects to each other
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What is force?
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A push or pull
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What is mass?
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Amount of matter in an object
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Weight is what?
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the force of gravity on an object
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What is the law of gravity and distance?
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1. All objects are attracted to one another
2 If mass increases forces increases 3. If distances increases, force decreases (if distance is doubled, force is decrease 1/4 of original strength) |
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What is inertia?
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the tendency of an object to resist change in motion
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What does Newton's First Law of Motion say?
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An object at rest will stay at rest AND an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by a force
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Why do the earth and the moon remain in their orbits?
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Gravity and Inertia
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What are phases?
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The shapes we perceive as the moon reflects the light of the sun.
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How long does it take the moon to complete its orbi around the EARTH?
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Every 29 1/2 days
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What is a solar eclipse?
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the new moon passes between the sun and the Earth.
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What is a lunar eclipse?
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Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the full moon
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In a lunar eclipse, what color is the moon and why?
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It appears a dark red due to sun's rays being bent
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what are the 2 types of eclipses?
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solar and lunar
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What are tides?
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the rise and fall of oceans about 12 1/2 hrs.
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What happens in a 25 hr. period with tides?
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2 high tides and 2 low tides happen
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what are spring tides?
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Tides that occur twice a months, at new moon and full moon
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What are Neap tides?
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Tides that occur twice a month, at first quarter and 3rd quarter moons
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The Moon's surface has 3 types of structures, which are what?
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Marias
Craters Highlands |
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What is the Marias like?
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Dark, flat areas called "seas"
Possibly formed from lava flows |
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What are the Craters like?
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pits on the surface of the moon, possibly caused by meteroroid impacts
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What are the highlands on the moon?
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Mountains
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What is the size and density of the Moon?
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1) 1/4 of the Earth's diameter (3476 km)
2) 1/8 the mass of the Earth 3) Moon's density is more similar to Earth's upper layers |
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What is temperature of Moon?
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Extreme range-130 to180 degrees Celcius due to NO ATMOSPHERE
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What about water on the Moon?
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Evidence of patches of Ice at the Moon's poles
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What are the books view point?
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Uniformism and "Collision-ring Therory"
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What does the book say about this?
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"A planet sixed object collided with Earth to form the Moon. Material from the object and Earth's outer layers were ejected and formed a ring. Gravity caused this material to combine to form the moon."
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Describe a rocket traveling in space.
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-Gases expelled to push it in the opposite direction
-for every action there is a reaction |
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What do Rockets need to travel?
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1) orbital velocity to stay in orbit
2) excape velocity to fly beyond the gravitational pull of Earth |
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What does a Multistage Rocket do?
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It has up to three stages to burn fuel.
Stages discard and spacecraft proceeds into space. |
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When did we have the Space Race with the Soviets?
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1950's
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When was NASA started?
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1958
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When was the first human in space?
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1961- Russian on Vostok I
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Who was the 1st American in space?
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Alan Shepard on Freedom 7-part of the Mercury space program
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Who was the first American to orbit the Earth and what year?
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John Glen in 1962
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What was Glen's ship?
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Friendship 7 and orbited Earth 3X
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What years did the Apollo program run?
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1964-1972
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What was Apollo's mission?
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Effort to land a man on the moon
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What happened in 1964-
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The Surveyor was unmanned
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What happened in 1969?
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Apollo 11 landed on the moon
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Who walked on the moon?
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Aldrin and Armstrong
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Where did they land on the moon?
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The Sea of Tranquility
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What was the exact date of the landing?
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July 20, 1969
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Who was the first man to walk on the moon
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Armstrong
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When did the Americans and Soviets put Space Stations in space?
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1970-80's
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When was the International Space Station planned?
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1980
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What do the Space Probes involve?
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different missions, all having power system, communication system, and scientific instruments
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What are the Rovers?
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small robots to collect and analyze soil samples
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What is an axis?
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A line passing through the Earth's surface.
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Astronomy?
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the study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.
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What is the darkest part of the moon's shadow?
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umbra
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What is a part of a shadow that surrounds the darkest part ?
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penumbra
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