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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parent organisms produce special cells called?
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gametes
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How does organisms divided?
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binary fission
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What encompasses the cytoplasm?
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Cell wall
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What is considered "Braine" of the cell?
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Nucelus (nucleoid)
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What is Pili?
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Attachment
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what helps with motility?
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Flagella
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what are Bacillus (bacilli) shaped?
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Rod -shaped
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What is Comma shaped or cork-screw appearance?
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Spirillum
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What is called when something lacks a distinct shape?
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Pleomorphic
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What is the term Variant?
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Combination of more than one shape
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What has low potency toxin from inside cell wall of all gram-neg bacteria and Listeria Monocytogenes?
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Endotoxins
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What is tetanus and Botulism consider as?
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Neurotoxins
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What does the enterotoxins act on?
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GI tract causing Diarrhea
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What is consider when a partial hemolysis of RBCs?
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Alpha hemolysis
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What is gives a grape like appearacne?
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Gram (+) cocci in clusters (staphylococcus
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What type of test is used for GC?
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Calginate swab
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Do not use outside skin samples due to the high number of what type of bacteria?
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Normal flora
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What is considered as primary stain?
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Crystal violet
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What is Mordants stain?
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gram's iodine
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What substances is considered Decolorizer?
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Ethanol and acetone sol 50/50
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What is a counterstain?
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Safranin-o
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Safranin-o gives off what color?
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red/pink
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Why is differential staining technique is vital for what reason?
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characterization and classification of many types of bacteria
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What can cause a False Negative reactions of Gram's stain?
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Over-decolorization
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What do you exam Gram's stain under?
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Oil immersion
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What is considered diangostic for Neisseria gonorrhea?
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intra/extracellular
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What species has Gram Positive (+) cocci ( singles, pairs, tetrad, clusters
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Staphy
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What is the most common type isolated in a Nosocomial infection/
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Staph aureus
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What are some conditions that giveStaph aureus?
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Acen, cellulitis, Boils, food intoxication
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What are the characertistics of STrep speices?
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Gram (+) cocci ( short and long chains)
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What are some conditions of Strep species?
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skin (carbuncles, cellulitis, Lymphangitis)
URI (sinusitis, pharyngitis Scarlet fever |
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What gives a Gram (+) Lancet shapped diplococci?
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Streptococcus PNA
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What is the GS and Morphology of Neisseria meningitidis?
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Gram (-) diplococci
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To be diagnositc, must be seen how in leukocytes?
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Intra and extra cellulary
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What is the clincial signifiance of E. COLI?
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Normal inhabiitant in stoold
associated with Food handlers diarrhea |
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What is the clinical significance of Proteus species?
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GRAM (-) bacilli
woundinfections UTI Gastroenterities Diahrrea |
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What is the chareristics of Vibrio species?
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maybe curved (banana) shaped with motile with single flagellum
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V. Cholerae is the causative agent of what condtion?
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Cholera
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What is morphology of Clostridium species?
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Gram (+) rod
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C. perfingens is the caustive agent for what condtion?
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gangrene
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What is the clinical significanceof Haemophilus species?
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meningitis in children
Chancriod |
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What is the morphology of Pseudomonas species?
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Gram (-) bacilli
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What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas species?
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Eye infections
COM wound infection |
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What has "Chinese letter" or L,V, Y shapes?
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Corynebacterium species
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What is teh morphology of Yeast?
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Gram post looks like "watermelon seeds
Budding |
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Brancing (false hyphae) appears how?
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"road maps"
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what is the clinical significance of Yeast?
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opportunistics from antibiotic therpay
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What are some causes of yeast?
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Cutaneous disease, oral candidasis (antibiotics)
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What is malaria?
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parasitic infection caused by introduction of protozoan organims into the blood by the bite of mosquitio?
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what sex of mosquito gives us malaraia?
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female anopheles
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What are injected into man once bitedn by female anopheles?
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Sporozoites
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Sporozoites enter parenchymal cells of liver to become what?
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Schizonts
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What is developed in the liver?
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pre-erythrocitic cycle
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Once in the blood what is developed into mature schizonts?
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Merozoites
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Fertile zygote encysts, penetrates the midgut wall of mosquito forming what?
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oocyst
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All stages of asexual cycle can be demostrated in a peripheal blood smear with the exception of what ?
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P. falciparum
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what has ring form of P. falsiparum?
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light blue circular structures with red chromatic dot
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of the Gametocyte of P. falciprium what is considered female?
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Macrogametocyted (curved sausage or banana)
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What is consideded (male) of the gametocyte of P. falciparum?
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Macrogametocyte
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What is the most fatial type of malaria?
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Plasmodium Falciparum
Malignant tertian in 48 hrs |
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What is the most common malaria?
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Plasmodium Vivax (48 hrs tertian)
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What is Quartan and at 72 hrs?
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P. Malarie
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Identification of malaria parasite required what two things?
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thin and thick smear
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Dip the thick smear in what to fix it?
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acetone
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The thin smear is dipped into what?
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methanol
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During the malaria smear, flood slide with Giemsa stain and allow to stand for how long?
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20min
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The thick smear is superior to thin smear for the inital id due to what?
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higher yeild of positive findings
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Where do you begin to look during the thin smear?
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at the terminal portion of the smear where the RBC's are adjacent but not touching
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When should a person be draw for malaria?
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immediately after onset of fever or
Before fever spikes for best results |
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What is Multicelluar heterotrophic orgranism occupying a seprate kingdom from the planet and animal kingdoms?
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Fungi
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How many pathogenic species of fungi are there?
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50-75
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What are the morphological characteristics of Fungi?
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complex, non-photo synthetic "plants" that feed on organic material
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Mycelium composed of tubular filaments are called ?
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hyphae
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Hyphae possessing crosswalls are called?
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septate
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what aids in id different fungi?
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sporulation and type
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What is Dermatophytes?
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(tinea spp)
fungal infection upon the skin |
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What is the most common yeast isolated?
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Candida albicans
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Gram stain (candida species) shows how?
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gram (+) resembling sausage links (pseudohyphae)
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What is the purposes of KOH?
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detect the presence of fungal elements or budding yeast cells
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After heating the mixture how long should you allow to stand ?
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5 min
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What is an example of Monotrichous?
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Vibrio Cholerae
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What type of Flagella is Escherichia Coli?
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Peritrichous
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How does Streptococci look like?
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tetrads (group of 4 ) and chains
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What is Gram (+) coccic in cluster? Looks like grapes?
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Staph aureus
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What is the gram stain of E. coli?
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Gram negative bacilli
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What is the gram stain of Proteus species?
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Gram negative bacilli
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What is the staining of Clostridium species?
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Gram Positive Rod
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What species of botulinum, tetani and perfringens?
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Clostridium
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What is the Haemophilus species?
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Gram negative coccobacilli (singles and pairs)
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What is the staining of Klebsiella?
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Gram Negative bacilli
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Dermatopytes use what for nutrient source but are not capable of penetrating subcutaneous skin?
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Kertain
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AFter apply 1 drop of KOH to the slide, how long should you let to stand ?
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5 min.
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Sporozoites enter the parenchymal cells of the liver to become?
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Schizonts
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The development with in the liver is called?
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Pre-erthrocytic cycle
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The Schizonts rupture releasing _____________ and invading RBC?
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Merozoites
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Merozoites then develop into mautre?
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schizonts
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What is the most fatal of the four types of malaria?
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Plasmodium falciparum
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Plasmodium falciparum is malignant tertian within how many hours?
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48
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Which is the most common of the malaria?
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P. vivax
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Which malaria is Quartan in 72 hrs?
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P. malariae
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Id of malaria parasite required what two things?
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thin and thick smear
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After you make your smears for malaria how long should you let it dry for?
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10min
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How long after you make your thick smear, should you let dry?
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over night
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When is the best time to collect the blood from a human if suspect to have malaria?
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after onset of fever or before fever spike for best results
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