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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell |
basic unit of all forms of life |
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Cell Theory |
fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells |
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Cell Membrane |
thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
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Nucleus |
in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA |
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Eukaryote |
organism whose cells contain a nucleus |
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Prokaryote |
unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus |
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Cytoplasm |
fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
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Organelle |
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
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Vacuole |
cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
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Lysosome |
cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
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Cytoskeleton |
network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement |
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Centriole |
structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division |
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Ribosome |
cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled |
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Golgi Apparatus |
organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell |
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Chloroplast |
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
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Mitochondrion |
cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
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Cell Wall |
strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells |
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Lipid Bilayer |
flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
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Selectively Permeable |
property of biological membrane that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane |
