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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens to a link-local address after a machine obtains a routable address?
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it is added as a secondary address
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What is a zone ID?
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an ID appended to a link-local address to identify the interface
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What format does a zone ID take?
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%<zoneID>
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What IPv4 address are analagous to an IPv6 global address?
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IPv4 public address
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What IPv6 address is analagous to an IPv4 public address?
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IPv6 global address
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What IPv4 address is analgous to an IPv6 link-local address?
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IPv4 APIPA address
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What IPv6 address is analagous to an IPv4 APIPA address?
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IPv6 link-local address
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What IPv4 address is analagous to an IPv6 unique local address?
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IPv4 private address
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What IPv6 address is analogous to an IPv4 private address?
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IPv6 unique local address
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How do IPv6 hosts confirm tentative addresses?
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by broadcasting a Neighbor Solicitation message
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What is an IPv6 preferred address?
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a valid IPv6 address within its valid lifetime
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What is an IPv6 deprecated address?
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a valid IPv6 address that has exceeded its lifetime
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How is the IPv6 loopback address?
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::1
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What IPv6 protocol should generally be used for intranets?
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ISATAP
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What IPv6 protocol is generally used to communicate across the internet?
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6to4
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What IPv6 protocol should be used if an endpoint is protected by an IPv4 NAT?
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Teredo
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Which IPv6 transition protocol should only be used if others won't work?
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Teredo
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What are the 4 parts of a Teredo infrastructure?
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Teredo client, Teredo server, Teredo relay and Teredo host-specific relay
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What is a Teredo server?
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a public server connected to both the IPv4 and IPv6 internets
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What does a Teredo server do?
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helps Teredo clients with address configuration and facilitates initial communication between clients
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What is a Teredo relay?
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an IPv4/v6 router that acts as a tunnel endpoint
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What does a Teredo relay do?
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forwards packets between the IPv4 and IPv6 internets
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What is a Teredo host-specific relay?
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a host enabled with IPv4 and IPv6 that acts as its own Teredo relay
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How is Teredo host-specific relay functionality enabled in Vista and 2008?
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it is automatically enabled if the host has a global address
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What OS's can use Link Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR)?
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Vista/2008
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What does Link Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) do?
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uses multicasting to resolve IPv6 names on the local subnet
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What network tool does Link Local Multicast Name Resolution require?
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Network Discovery
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Which is simpler to configure, LLMNR or NetBIOS?
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LLMNR
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What local name resolution protocol is IPv6-compatible?
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Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR)
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Which service is smaller, LLMNR or NetBIOS?
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LLMNR
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Which protocol can resolve hostnames for legacy hosts, LLMNR or NetBIOS?
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NetBIOS
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What protocol is used to map hostnames to IPv4 addresses?
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NetBIOS
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What order are name resolution protocols used in to resolve a name?
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DNS, LLMNR, and then NetBIOS
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How can you determine in ping if DNS was used to resolve an address?
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it will have the domain name appended to the host name
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How can you determine in ping if LLMNR was used to resolve an address?
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it will display an IPv6 address
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How can you determine in ping if NetBIOS was used to resolve a name?
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it will display the host name but no domain name
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What 3 methods does NetBIOS use for name resolution?
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broadcasts, WINS, and Lmhosts file
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What is WINS?
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a server-based directory with NetBIOS name-to-IP mappings
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What is the Lmhosts file?
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a local file with NetBIOS-to-IP mappings
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Where is the Lmhosts file located?
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%SystemRoot% \ System32 \ Drivers \ Etc
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How is the Lmhosts file created?
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it must be manually created
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What are the 4 NetBIOS node types?
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broadcast (b-node), point-to-point (p-node), mixed (m-node), and hybrid (h-node)
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How does the NetBIOS b-node work?
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by using broadcasts on the local subnet
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What limitation does NetBIOS b-node have?
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it only works on the local subnet
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How does the NetBIOS p-node work?
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NetBIOS queries a WINS server
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How does the NetBIOS m-node work?
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uses broadcasts first, then queries WINS
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How does the NetBIOS h-node work?
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uses WINS queries first, then Lmhosts, then broadcasts
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What NetBIOS mode do Windows clients use by default?
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h-node
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What does IPv6 use for DNS host records?
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AAAA (quad-A) records
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What 3 pieces of information are contained in DNS queries?
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FQDN, resource record type (query type), and specified class
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How is the Hosts file used?
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the DNS Client service loads it into the cache when the service starts or the Hosts file is updated
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Where is the root hints file stored?
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WINDOWS \ System32 \ DNS \ Cache.dns
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What is the default TTL for DNS records?
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1 hour
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What additional file is needed when installing DNS on Server Core without AD DS?
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an unattended answer file
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How can DNS servers in child domains be configured to resolve names for parent domains?
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configure DNS servers to forward queries to DNS servers in the forest root domain
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What is conditional forwarding?
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forwarding queries for a particular domain to specific DNS servers
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Why might you use conditional forwarding?
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if 2 private networks merge, etc.
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What DHCP scope sets a DNS server?
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006: DNS Server
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What are the 2 functions of a client's primary DNS suffix?
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it allows hosts to register its host record in that DNS zone, and adds the suffix to DNS queries that don't have a suffix
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When does a host automatically receive a primary DNS suffix?
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when it is joined to a domain
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What DHCP scope sets a connection-specific suffix?
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015 DNS Domain Name
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What does configuring a DNS suffix search list do?
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allows users to search for host names in more than one DNS domain
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What is the default search order in regards to DNS suffixes?
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hostname.primary DNS suffix, hostname.connection-specific suffix, hostname.parent suffix
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What requirement in regards to DNS suffixes exists for clients to perform dynamic DNS updates?
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the client must have a primary or connection-specific DNS suffix that matches a primary zone of the preferred DNS server
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What command will force a client to attempt dynamic DNS registration?
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ipconfig /registerdns
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What command will show the DNS client cache?
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ipconfig /displaydns
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What command will clear a client's DNS cache?
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ipconfig /flushdns
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What system was created to replace WINS?
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GlobalNames Zone
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What does GlobalNames do?
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allows DNS to resolve single-label names
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What command will show all the zones on a DNS server?
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dnscmd /enumzones
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What command-line command is used to add a zone to a DNS server?
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dnscmd /zoneadd
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What command-line command is used to display zone records?
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dnscmd /ZonePrint
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What command configures a DNS server to allow or disallow dynamic updates?
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dnscmd /allowupdates
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How is a DNS server configured to be caching-only?
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do not configure any zones for it
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How long does DNS store addresses in its cache?
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24 hours
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What is the DHCP scope for a DNS server?
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006 DNS Server
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What are the two functions of a client's primary DNS suffix?
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allows the host to register in that DNS zone, and appends the suffix to queries where a suffix isn't listed
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What is the DHCP scope for a DNS domain name?
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015 DNS Domain Name
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What does configuring a DNS suffix search list do?
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allows clients to search for host names in multiple DNS namespaces
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What is the default search order for hosts and DNS suffixes?
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hostname.primary_dns_suffix, hostname.connection-specific_suffix, hostname.parent_suffix
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Why is it important that a host's primary DNS suffix match the name of a primary zone hosted by its preferred DNS server?
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it is necessary so the host can register its address in the database
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What command will force a client to attempt to register its DNS address?
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ipconfig /registerdns
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What command is used to enable GlobalNames support on a DNS server?
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dnscmd /config /enableglobalnamesupport 1
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What types of DNS zones can be stored in Active Directory?
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primary and stub zones
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What is the default name for locally-stored primary DNS zone files?
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<zone_name>.dns
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Where are locally-stored primary DNS zone files stored by default?
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%systemroot%\system32\DNS
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What type of zones can secondary DNS servers get data from?
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primary or secondary servers
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What is the source of DNS data for a secondary DNS server called?
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the master
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In a delegated DNS environment, what are stub zones often used for?
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helping a parent zone keep an updated list of name servers for child zones
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What records will DNS clients with static addresses attempt to update?
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both host and pointer records
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What records will DNS clients with dynamic addresses attempt to update?
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host records only (DHCP server updates pointers)
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What restrictions does enabling secure updates on DNS create?
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only AD domain members may update records, and only from the computer that originated the registration
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What is a secondary server refresh interval?
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the amount of time a secondary server waits before querying the master server for an update
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What is the default secondary server refresh interval?
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15 minutes
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What is the secondary server retry interval?
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how long a secondary server waits before retrying a failed transfer
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What is the default secondary server retry interval?
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10 minutes
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What is the Expires After value for a secondary DNS server?
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how long a secondary server will continue to answer queries without contact with a master
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What is the default Expires After value for a secondary DNS server?
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1 day
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In DNS, what does the Minimum (Default) TTL value do?
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sets the default TTL for all records
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What is the length of the Minimum (Default) TTL?
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1 hour
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What DNS servers make use of the Minimum (Default) TTL value?
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only secondary servers--primary servers automatically know when the value changes
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How does DNS handle multiple MX records?
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records with the lower preference are tried first
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What is the no-refresh DNS interval?
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the period following a timestamp when a zone or server will refuse a timestamp refresh
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What is the refresh DNS interval?
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the period following the no-refresh interval when timestamp refreshes are accepted and the record will not be scavenged
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What are the default refresh and no-refresh intervals?
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7 days
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What are the 3 steps in creating the GlobalNames zone?
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enable GlobalNames zone support, create the GlobalNames zone, and populate the zone
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What command is used to enable GlobalNames zone support?
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dnscmd /config /enableglobalnamessupport 1
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How should the GlobalNames zone be configured?
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as a FLZ called GlobalNames replicated to the forest
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What is zone replication?
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the synchronization of data for AD-integrated DNS zones
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What are zone transfers?
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the synchronization of data between master and secondary DNS servers
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What partition should DNS data be stored in to replicate it to Windows 2000 DNS servers?
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domain partition (replicated to all DC's)
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What permissions are required to create an application directory partition?
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Enterprise Administrator
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What does the Reload option for secondary DNS zones do?
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reloads the zone from local storage
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What does the Transfer from Master option for secondary DNS zones do?
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initiates a zone transfer if the SOA has expired
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What does the Reload From Master option for secondary DNS zones do?
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initiates a zone transfer regardless of the status of the SOA
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