7. The Struggle For Wealth & Empire

Front 1

Patois

Back 1

dialect, "peasant language" (french)

Hint 1

national languages were adapted but peasants continued to use prior language (patois)

Front 2

Nonconformists

Back 2

succeeded Puritans, developed a middle class culture that was different from the culture of the Anglican getnry

Front 3

"Gin Lane"

Back 3

alcohol consumption/coffee more popular

Hint 3

social gathering place

Front 4

Carnival

Back 4

several weeks before lent, "carne vale" - "farewell to meat"
concluded with Mardi Gras

Hint 4

originally everyone toke part, elite began to move away from because of politeness

Front 5

"Mardi Gras"

Back 5

last day of carnival before lent

Front 6

"The World Turned Upside Down"

Back 6

common theme for carnival

Hint 6

men/women switched clothes, road horses backwards

Front 7

Domestic System

Back 7

included people who worked characteristically in their own homes, employed as wage earners by merchants

Front 8

East India Company

Back 8

established to do business in America, the East,...
reorganized by Scots, Swedes, & Danes

Hint 8

"Indies" - vast regions overseas

Front 9

Plantation Economy

Back 9

originally sugar, later cotton

Hint 9

economic unit consisting of a considerable tract of land, sizable investment capital, owned by European absentees, force of impressed labor (Slaves)

Front 10

Transatlantic Slave Trade

Back 10

America, Britain, & Africa

Hint 10

unfinished products, slaves, produced goods

Front 11

capitalists

Back 11

new wealth, widely distributed; standard of living rose in Western Europe in the 18th century

Hint 11

persons who had little savings which they used to buy a parcel of land or a loom or entrusted to some other person to invest at interest

Front 12

private property

Back 12

owned by private persons

Hint 12

government dependent, only source of revenue except taxes & loans derived from these people

Front 13

Thomas Pitt

Back 13

"Diamond" Pitt, son of clergy man
"interloper" - traded in defiance of the legal monopoly of the EIC (East Company);
bought a diamond sold to the French Crown

Front 14

Jean-Joseph Laborde

Back 14

bourgeoisie family
vast plantation & slave holdings in Santo Domingo
sugar trade, leading Banker in Paris, real estate
Invested in the American Revolution
Contributed to the French Revolution

Front 15

Duke of Orleans

Back 15

government entrusted to elder cousin of king, share power with nobles

Front 16

the Regency

Back 16

conceded much influence to the Parlement of Paris, utilizing it to modify the will of Louis XIV

Front 17

"South Sea Bubble"

Back 17

English

Front 18

"Mississippi Bubble"

Back 18

French

Front 19

James III

Back 19

catholic, "the Pretender", Whigs Against, returning him to the trhone
believed he would undo - limited monarchy, parliamentary supremacy, rule of law, toleration of dissenting Protestants

Front 20

Jacobites

Back 20

James III's followers, rallied unsuccessfully during the civil war

Front 21

John Law

Back 21

founded French central bank, organized "compagne d'accident" (Mississippi Company);
sold shares & improved taxes --> very popular - people feared sold crashed similar to British "South Sea Company"

Front 22

Cardinal Fleury

Back 22

replaced John Law

Hint 22

not one to initiate programs for a distant future

Front 23

the "Bubble Act"

Back 23

forbade all companies except those chartered by the government to raise capitol by sale of stocks

Front 24

Robert Walpole

Back 24

"first prime minister"
architect of cabinet government
made sure majority of common always supported him

Front 25

cabinet government

Back 25

body of ministers bound to each other & the prime minister

Hint 25

obligated to follow the same policies & to stand and fall as a group

Front 26

Frederick II

Back 26

literary and military leader of Prussia;
"the Great"
son of Frederick William I

Front 27

Maria Theresa

Back 27

daughter of Frederick I, capable ruler,
methodical way - accomplished more than contemporaries

Front 28

The Pragmatic Sanction

Back 28

general agreement signed by the European powers (including Prussia);
had stipulated that all domains of the AUstrian Hapsburgs should be inherited integrally by Maria Theresa

Hint 28

disregarded by most

Front 29

Peace of Aix-le Chappelle

Back 29

status quo - returned everything to how it had been before the War of the Austrian Succession

Front 30

Diplomatic Revolution

Back 30

"reversal of Alliances"

Front 31

Count Kaunitz

Back 31

Maria Theresa's foreign minister,
most artful diplomat of the century

Hint 31

proposed alliance between Austria and France (Marie Antoinette)
--> alliance between Prussia & England ------> 7 Years War

Front 32

Peace of Hubertusburg

Back 32

Frederick (Austria) - didn't loose anything, retained Silesia
just Prussia vs. Austria

Front 33

William Pitt

Back 33

led British, concentrated effort on navy and colonies

Front 34

French & Indian War

Back 34

British vs French in colonies;
part of 7 Years War

Front 35

"Mahratta Confederacy"

Back 35

Hindu princes formed against the Muslim Emperor at Delhi

Front 36

Dupleix

Back 36

built French company into a local power, using french troops to train native sepoys to fight

Front 37

Sepoys

Back 37

trade forts along coasts of India, independent states, only desiring trade not territory; British & French

Front 38

Robert Clive

Back 38

assisted British East India Company; won battle of Plassey (1757),

Front 39

"Black Hole of Calcutta"

Back 39

293

Front 40

Peace Settlement of 1763

Back 40

taking huge reparations from france, French parts at the mercy of the British, who controlled the seas
7 Years War

Front 41

popular cultures

Back 41

not necessary poor, can't move up without transformation