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171 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which electromagnetic wave has a frequency just below red light?
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Infrared
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Which electromagnetic wave sometimes incorrectly called "black light"?
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Ultraviolet
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An xray is not a ray but instead high frequency light.
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True
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Planck's Law
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The higher the frequency of a wave, the greater the energy
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Frequency Modulation
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When a beam or wave changes its frequency
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Amplitude Modulation
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When a beam or wave changes its amplitude
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If a yellow star is rushing away from Earth, the star will...
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change color to lower frequency
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What is reflected when white light is projected onto a white piece of paper?
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all the colors of the rainbow
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A net force of 10 pds applied to a 2 slug object for 4 secs, How far will object move during 4 secs if it started at rest?
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40 ft
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Heat flow by radiation can be greatly reduced by:
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use of reflecting materials
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In the whole universe, the most often used method for producing electro-magnetic waves is:
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nuclear reaction
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In a true wave, the medium only vibrates, it does not move along with the wave.
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true
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Believed the wave is varying magnetic and electric force fields, this scientist is:
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maxwell
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As seen here in Kent,
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stars will rise and set and others will always be in the sky
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the Earths mantle is made of mostly:
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heavy rocks
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if an electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 400 tril hertz it would be:
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red light
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which of the following contains the most energy?
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photon in an xray
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which has the fastest moving atoms?
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hot cup of coffee
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the operation of a transister can only be explained by:
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debroglie wave- matter waves
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which of the following proved the energy found in a photon is quantized?
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ultra-violet catastrophe
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according to the heisenberg uncertainty principle, which of the following light waves would be best for viewing small objects?
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violet light
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zero degrees kelvin is:
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the temp where the motion of all atoms ceases to exist
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the electron energy shell closest to the nucleus is:
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K shell
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which of the following would be used for nuclear fission?
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uranium
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electromagnetic waves are:
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transverse waves
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Which of the following would become the hottest due to the absorption of light when blue light shines on them?
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red paper
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the experiment that first suggested that the size of objects change when they are observed to be moving?
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Michelson Marley experiment
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the process of delay reflection is:
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phosphorescence
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soldiers march in step could be used to described:
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coherent light
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when an electromagnetic wave passes from water to thin air, it is:
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refracted away from the normal
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if xrays shine on a red flourescent piece of paper, the paper will send back:
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red light
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the acceleration of 15 ft/min squared means:
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for every min, the obj gains 15 ft per min in its velocity
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a good way to verify that a physics problem is being solved correctly is to make sure that:
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any units that are left must agree with what you were solving
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if a train is approaching you and it blows its horn, the doppler effect would cause the horn to:
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sound higher in pitch
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the glasses worn in 3D movies uses the principle of:
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polarization
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Which of the following types of electromagnetic waves would be bent the least if they were passed through glass?
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microwave
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at one time, scientists suggested space was filled with "jelly". this "jelly" is:
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ether
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A sonic boom is a shock wave in air produced by an object moving faster than the air waves can travel.
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true
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the unit of space based on one ten millionth the distance from North Pole to equator is:
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meter
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what electromagnetic wave produced the suntan?
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ultraviolet
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what happens to the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave as the frequency increase?
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it gets shorter
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which electromagnetic wave contains the greatest amount of energy?
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gamma ray
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ultraviolet waves travel through space faster than the violet waves.
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false
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why does a microwave oven cook food faster than a conventional oven?
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it can penetrate and heat all of the food at the same time
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List the entire electromagnetic spectrum in order from low to high frequency.
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1. radiowave
2. microwave 3. heatwave 4. infrared wave 5. ultraviolet wave 6. x-ray 7. gamma ray |
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who is given credit for discovering matter waves?
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Debroglie
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What particle was first used to show that matter acts like a wave?
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electron
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matter waves are usually much higher in frequency than ordinary light waves.
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true
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luminosity
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refers to an object that is radiating an electromagnetic wave
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coherent light
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when light waves are made to march in step, they would produce a beam of coherent light that could exert a large force on an object
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incoherent light
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when one wave is going through a crest, another is going through a trough, while still another is someone in the middle
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hologram
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yields a true 3D picture that enables depth perception, and gives the ability to see above, below, and behind objects just by viewing them from the different angles
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what does a LASER stand for?
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light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation
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Why aren't our present 3D movies truly 3D?
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they are only depth, no parrallax
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discuss the four ways to make an object radiate light
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1.medically
2.entertainment 3.CD players 4.holograms |
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black and white are not colors. what causes us to perceive black and white?
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black is what we perceive when there is no visible light.
white is what our eyes perceive when they are saturated with all colors. |
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what color is the lowest frequency that can be detected by the human eye?
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red
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what color is the highest frequency that can be detected by the human eye?
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violet
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electromagnetic wave
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double transverse wave which travels through a vaccuum at 186,282 miles per second.
fastest thing known and can pass through empty space |
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ether
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an invisible and massless entity which filled with voids of space
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what is the frequency range of the human eye?
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400 trillion hertz to 750 trillion hertz
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what are the colors of three primary lights?
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red green blue
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reflection of light
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when a wave hits an object and returns
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incident wave
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the wave that hits an object
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reflected wave
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the wave that bounces off the object
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fiber optics
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virtually reflects all light
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all coherent light produced by a laser is red in color.
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false
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absorption of light
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third wave occurrence of phenomena.
when a wave knocks the atoms of a material causing an increase in heat. more light that is absorbed, the hotter object becomes |
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transmission of light
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if a material does not reflect or absorb a wave, then wave may pass through
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phosphorescence
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the fifth wave occurrence of phenomena
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fluorescence
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the sixth wave occurrence of phenomena, change in frequency during reflection
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doppler effect
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the seventh occurrence, named after austrian physicist in 1842, change in frequency due to relative motion
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Which wave occurrence causes the sound produced by the engine of a passing racing car to change in pitch?
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doppler effect
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which wave occurrence is used to make some golf balls and watch dials glow in the dark?
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phosphorescence
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which wave occurrence causes some posters to glow when held under ultraviolet light?
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fluroescence
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if ultraviolet light shines on a red fluorescent piece of paper, the paper will appear:
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red
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if pure green light shines on an orange fluorescent piece of paper, the paper will appear:
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orange
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if pure green light shines on a regular sheet of orange paper, the paper will appear:
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black
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the faster an object moves, the greater the doppler effect
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true
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explain difference with a white piece of paper and a mirror?
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Paper- diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in many different directions on this rough surface
Mirror- a shiny surface like a mirror does not scatter the waves and this is why we can see a reflection |
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a clear piece of cellophane transmits all visible colors
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true
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if white light shines on a regular sheet of red paper, the paper reflects:
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red light waves
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law of reflection
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angle of incident=angle of reflection
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what happens to light that is absorbed?
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turns into heat
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what colors are absorbed by pure green objects?
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all colors but green
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big bang theory
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all of the galaxies were once compressed together into one small dense ball until explosion throwing everything outward.
13-18 billion years ago |
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refraction
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eighth occurrence, process by which light is bent as it travels from one medium to the next
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normal line
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the line perpendicular to the surface
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what direction does light bend when it passes from a thick material into a thin material?
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away from the normal
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what direction does light bend when it passes from air into a piece of glass?
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toward the normal
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how can a beam of light be prevented from bending when it passes from one material to another?
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shine it along the normal
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a green light wave, a red light wave, and a violet light wave all enter water at 40 degree angle. the wave that is refracted the most is:
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none of waves are bent
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how does the doppler effect used to support the big bang theory?
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still seeing this outward rush as evidence by doppler effect
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why does white light produce a rainbow when it passes through falling rain drops?
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high frequency refracted(bent) more than low
all colors will be spread out producing a rainbow of visible light |
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diffraction
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ninth occurrence, bending of a wave as it passes around the edge of an object
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polarized waves
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tenth occcurrence, direction a wave is vibrating
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constructive interference
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eleventh occurrence
two crests come together= large crest two troughs come together= large trough |
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destructive interference
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when a crest and a trough of the same size meet
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which visible color is diffracted the most when passed through a small hole?
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red
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why can't sound waves be polarized?
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longitude waves cannot be polarized
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if a high pitch flute and a low pitches tuba are playing music behind a post:
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the music from the tuba will be diffracted more than a flute
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Which of the following types of electromagnetic waves would be diffracted the most?
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radio waves
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if non polarized light is projected through two pieces of plastic both having small slits running up and down, the light that makes it through both pieces of plastic will be:
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vibrating up and down
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photoelectric effect
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twelfth occurrence, electrons are emitted from matter because of absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength
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photon
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electromagnetic waves contain these little packets of energy that act like bullets that exert a forward push when light strikes an object
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solar cell
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photoelectric effect is used to proudce electricity from light
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using the bohr theory of the atom, explain how light is relected.
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electrons go around the nucleus in different sized orbits or energy shells
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why do we have to think of light as a wave and as a stream of particles?
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would not be able to explain diffraction of light or interference of light
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sounds waves are air currents
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false
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what type of wave vibrated the medium at right angles to the direction the wave is moving?
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transverse
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what type of wave vibrates the medium forward and back parallel to the direction of the wave is moving?
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longitude
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you see a bolt of lightning and 20 secs later you hear the thunder, how far away has the lightening hit?
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4 miles
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which of the following would have the highest resonant frequency?
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a water glass
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ultrasonic sound
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high pitched sounds which we cannot hear
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resonant frequency
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when an object is struck, it will oscillate back and forth
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what is the frequency range of the human ear?
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20 hertz - 20,000 hertz
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what is the speed of sound in air?
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1000- 1100 ft/sec
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a board is made to vibrate back and forth five times every second, why cant we hear it?
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sound wave is below 20 hertz
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what happens to the resonant frequency of an object if the mass of the object is increased?
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it becomes lower
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describe how an opera singer can break a wine glass using her voice
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if a sound wave happens to have the same frequency as the resonant frequency of an object
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describe four uses of ultrasonic sound waves
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1. dog whistle
2. underwater radar 3. jewelry cleaning 4. x-rays |
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hertz
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cycles per second
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frequency
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the number of cycles which pass a point in a given length of time
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wave period
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the time it takes the medium to vibrate through one cycle
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amplitude of a wave
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height of a cycle
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wavelength
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the length of the cycle
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cycle
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one crest followed by a trough
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trough
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the valley
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crest
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the mountain
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medium
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any material (solid, liquid, or gas) that is being disturbed; doesn't undergo any net movement
vibrates up= mountain vibrated down= valley |
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wave
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a disturbance
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what is the difference between a water wave and a water current?
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water wave- when medium does not undergo any net movement
water current-when medium actually moving |
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how is shock wave produced?
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if an object travels faster than the waves, the waves in front of object are bunches together to create large amplitude wave
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who won the 1921 Nobel prize in physics for explaining the photoelectric effect?
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albert einstein
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what is the equation E=mc2 used for?
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energy of photon for nuclear fussion
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what is cold fusion?
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fusion without 1,000,000 C
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how many protons are there in a U235 atom?
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92
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how many protons are there in a U238 atom?
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92
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the process of nuclear fusion converts 4 hydrogen atoms into one:
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helium atom
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stars as well as the hydrogen bomb work by:
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nuclear fusion
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today, the universe contains just as much postive charge as it did one million years ago, this is an example of:
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conservation law
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when what is meant when something is quantized?
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it means it comes in little individual pieces
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describe the ultraviolet catastrophe.
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when the number of higher frequency waves is far less than one would expect
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who explained the ultraviolet catastrophe by stating the energy of a photon is quantized?
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planck
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give two examples of something that is quantized?
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money
energy of a photon |
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a piece of metal is heated until it radiates a dull red light. what happens to the light if the metal is raised to a slightly higher temperature?
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turns orange and brighten
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a piece of metal is heated until it radiates a bright violet light. what happens to the light if the metal is raised to a higher temp?
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it has less brightness
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the smallest unit used to measure energy is:
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planck's constant
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which of the following proved that the energy found in a photon is quantized?
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ultraviolet catastrophe
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to find the energy of a photon, multiply planck's constant by the frequency of the wave
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true
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whenever an electron in an atom is struck by a photon, it is always kicked out of the atom
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false
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an electron can not orbit the nucleus in between two shells
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true
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if an electron jumps from the L shell to the P shell:
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light is absorbed
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using the bohr theory of the atom, which of the following jumps of an electron would produce the highest energy photon?
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N shell to K shell
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matter waves
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wave associated w/ moving objs; also called debroglie waves
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why does michelson marley experiment deft common sense?
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doesnt matter whether you are rushing toward, away, or standing still, the light will always pass you at 186,282 miles per second
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how to travel into the future:
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you would need an infinite force, and there is no such thing, therefore impossible
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what is the twin paradox and how did einstein explain it?
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twin paradox- is a thought experiment in special relativity involving identical twins, one making a journey into space in high speed rocket and other on Earth has aged more
explained by stating whoever is accelerated the most will be the younger |
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nuclear fission
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breaking apart complex atoms into smaller fragments
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nuclear fusion
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begins w/ simple atoms & involves forcing them together to make more sophisticated atoms
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conservation law
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energy cant be created or destroyed; positive or negative charge cant be destroyed; conservation of momentum
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how do our present nuclear power plants work?
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our nuclear power plants use nuclear fission on a small controlled scale to produce heat which turns water into steam. the steam drives a generator producing electricity.
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explain the operation of the hydrogen bomb
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if a large quantity of hydrogen is fused into helium, so many xrays or gamma rays pass thru the air that a much larger fireball than from the atom bomb is produced. (aka thermonuclear fusion since so much heat is produced)
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chain reaction
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a series of events in which each induces or influences the next
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heinsenberg uncertainity principle
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you cant see anything smaller than the wavelength of the wave used to view the obj or you can never be sure where anything is; impossible to measure simultaneously the precise location & exact speed of an obj
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explain how the electron microscope uses Debroglie waves to see very small objects
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the wavelength of the debroglie wave is very small which makes it useful for revealing small objs. Matter waves from moving electrons are used to see small detail in the electron microscope; wavelength is much shorter than the wavelength of visible light & thus allows us to see much smaller detail than conventional microscopes that use longer wavelengths of visible light
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what happens to the size of an obj. if its made to move at the speed of light?
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size becomes 0
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where was the michelson morley experiment performed?
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case in cleveland
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if you moved along w/ your friend at a speed close to the speed of light, how would your friend appear to you?
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same size
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if you observed a friend passing you w/ a speed close to the speed of light, how would your friend appear to you?
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smaller
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why do we have to think of matter as being both a particle and a wave?
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they have some of the same practical applications.
the transistor which is computers, TVs, stereos, VCR's operates using Debroglie wave there is a barrier inside each transistor that is penetrated by electrons the only way this penetration can be achieved is by having the electron behave as a wave |
