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Hypervisor
Responsible for abstracting the computer's physical hardware and creating multiple virtualized hardware environments called VMs
VMM
Virtual Machine Monitor. The hypervisor.
Type II Virtualization
Hypervisor runs on top of a host operating system. Resources are shared between the Hypervisor and the host OS.
Older MS virtualization products that were Type II
MS Windows Virtual PCMicrosoft Virtual Server
Type I Virtualization
Hypervisor is an abstraction layer that interacts directly with the computer's physical hardware. The Hypervisor has complete control over all resources.
How does 2012 implement Type I Virtualization?
Server 2012 is the parent partition. Subsequent VMs are child partitions of the hardware. Hyper-V when installed is what 2012 is actually running on.
Hyper-V Hardware Limitations
320 logical processors max2048 virtual CPUs max4TB memory max
Max number of active VMs on hyper-v
1024
Hyper-V Server
A stand-alone version of Hyper-V. Does not run on top of Server 2012. Free.
What files make up a hyper-v VM?
A VMC fileOne or more VHD / VHDX file
VMC file
Virtual machine configuration -- XML file that contains the VM config information
VHD / VHDX file
Store the guest operating system applications and data for VM
Guest Integration Services
Software package installed on a VM that enables better integration with host.
Functions provided by guest integration services
Operating system shutdown from Hyper-VTime sync with Hyper-VData Exchange between guest an host (child and parent partitions)Heartbeat exchange from parent to child and back to confirm VMs are responsiveBackup using Volume Shadow Copy Services
Which windows OSes need guest integration services
Any OS that isn't Server 2012 or Win 8. Linux has its own as well.
Dynamic Memory
Enables hyper-v to adjust the amount of RAM allocated to VMs depending on their requirements. If a VM requires more RAM it pulls more from a pool reducing when the need subsides
Dynamic Memory: Startup RAM
Amount of memory allocated to the VM when it starts. Min amt of mem required to boot.
Dynamic Memory: Minimum RAM
The smallest amt of memory the VM can use at any time. OSes require more to start than to run so this value can be smaller than Startup RAM value.
Dynamic Memory: Maximum RAM
Largest amt of mem. the VM can use at any time.
Dynamic Memory: Memory Buffer
Percentage extra to provide a VM when using a given RAM qty. Example: 20% memory buffer means a VM gets 1.2GB when the VM requires 1GB.
Dynamic Memory: Memory Weight
The priority of a VM as compared to other VMs. Used if physical RAM is insufficient for all VM RAM requirements.
Smart Paging
If a VM must reboot and not enough RAM is available to meet dynamic memory startup RAM requirements host uses hard disk space to make up the differences and pages memory contents to disk
What can you track with VM resource metering
CPU UtilizationMin/max/avg memory utilizationDisk space utilizationIncoming/Outgoing network traffic
How do you enable resource metering?

On the specific VM you wish to monitor:Enable-VMResourceMetering -VMName VMName