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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is "memory"
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a process inferred from the observation of behaviour
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what is conscious memory
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internal recollections of past events
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lesions of the amygdala disrupt what?
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fear evoked changes in HR and BP
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lesions to deep cerebellar nuclei disrupt what
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motor learning
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procedural vs. declarative memory
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procedural = not being consciously aware of the task at hand, but 'remembering' how to do it
declarative = conscious memory |
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ESTABLISHED risk factors for AD
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old age
family hx presence of disease-predisposing genetic polymorphisms (ApoE-e4) Down syndrome |
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LIKELY risk factors for AD
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head trauma
T2DM CVD HTN Ischamic heart disease incr. serum cholesterol (midlife) incr. homocysteine levels depression smoking, excess EtOH, high fat diet female low education level |
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LIKELY protective factors for AD
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physical activity
ongoing intellectual stimulation LT NSAID use statins folic acid antioxidants strong social network high education level |
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t/f
treating vascular risk factors decreases your risk of vascular dementia |
false :(
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when can AD be considered familial ?
what proportion of AD is familial ? |
if 2+ family members have it .
5-10% of cases |
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what causative mutation/s have been implicated in AD?
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APP (amyloid precursor protein) - chromosome 21
PSEN-1 (presenelin-1) PSEN-2 (presenelin-2) this is the only situation in which predictive testing is available |
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why do people with down syndrome get AD?
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because they carry an extra copy of APP gene --> extra copy of the APP protein which generates incr. amounts of A-beta peptide
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what gene/s are implicated in sporadic AD?
MOA? |
some polymorphisms are known to act as predisposing factors.
several genes have been implicated but the most consistent findings have been found for the ApoE (apolipoprotein E) gene . patients with AD are more likely to carry the e4 allele --> 50% AD popn have e4 -->25% normal popn have e4 exact MOA unknown - may modulate gamma-secretase activity. and decrease age of onset |
