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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what kind of tissue is bone tissue?
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connective tissue
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6 functions of the bone
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1.support 2.movement 3.protection 4.mineral storage 5.lipid storage 6.white and red blood cell production
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hemopoiesis
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process of making red blood cells
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bone matrix is made up of:
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25% collagen fibers
25% water 50% mineral salts 2% cells |
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main mineral in bone matrix is:
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hydroxyapetite
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hydroxiapatite
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combination of Ca hydroxide and Ca phosphate
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diaphysis
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shaft of the bone
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epiphysis
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ends of the bone
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marrow cavity
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where lipids are stored and blood cells and formed
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articular cartilages
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covers ends of the bone to protect it
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periosteum
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outer surface of bone, connects the tendons to the bone
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compact bone
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outer bone and epiphysis
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spongy bone
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at joints, may penetrate across marrow caity of campact bone
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osteon
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basic functional unit
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haversian canal
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central canal containing blood vessels
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Osteoblasts
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bone building cells
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osteocytes
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mature bone cells
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lamellae
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layers of bone cells
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lacunae
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little lakes; closet the cells live in
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canaliculi
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canals; tunnels that connect them together
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trabeculae
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"little beams"; beams that provide support in all directions
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intramembranous ossification
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when spongy bones develops within or on loose connective tissue
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center of ossification
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when cells turn into osteoblasts and start laying down matrix
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endochondral ossification
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bone formed by replacing cartilage with bone
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primary ossification centers
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where osteoblasts lay down bone tissue over remnants of calcified cartilage
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osteocytes
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mature bone cell
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osteoprogenitor cells
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stem cells of osteocytes
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osteoblasts
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actually produces new bone tissue
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osteogenesis
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making bone
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inhibitors
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keep minerals from precipitating out
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osteoclasts
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related to phagocytes; break down bone; made from monocytes (not osteoprogenitor cells)
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osteolysis
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breaking down bone
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piezoelectric effect
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when you compress a crystal and get a negative potential, the other side is positive which creates this current which stimulates osteoblasts
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rickets
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disease that exists when you have too much calcium; bow legged
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scurvy
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not enough vitamin C; teeth fall out, bruise easily
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insulin like growth factors
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promotes cell growth at the epiphyseal line
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growth hormone (somatotropin)
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stimulate body to use lipids instead of carbs
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thyroxine
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increases growth rate and stimulates mental processes
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epiphyseal line
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left from growth plate
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osteopenia
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where ossfication is decreasing
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osteoporosis
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decaying of bones
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parathyroid gland releases ___ when ______.
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PTH (parathormone); calcium drops too low
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3 ways to increases Ca:
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1. stimulates osteoclast activity
2. increases conversion of Vitamin to calcitrol 3. decreases rate of Ca excretion by kidney |
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3 ways to decreases Ca:
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1. decrease osteoclasts
2. increases osteoblastic activity 3. increase rate of Ca ion excretion in kidneys |
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hypocalcemia
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nervous system excitable de to increases membrane permeability
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tetany
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muscles freese; cause convulsions
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hypercalcemia
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nervous system depressed if Ca rises higher than normal (causes erratic heart beat, constipation)
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mild hyperparathyroidism
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forms kidney stones
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serious hyperparathyroidism
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too much PTH, minerals deposit in lungs, kidneys, and brain.
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