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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

*Solitary*
A speices in which individuals form no enduring _______ relationships, living most of their lives in a _______ condition, and forming no enduring _______ bonds.

social


solitary


pair

*Asocial*


Literally, _______ _______; a species in which individuals do not engage in _______ _______ with each other

not social


social interactions

*Aggregation*


A group of animals that gather around a _______ _______, such as food or water. It is the _______, and not any internal _______ of the group, that causes the proximity of the individuals, and _______ behavior does not occur within the group.

common resource


resource


organization


cooperative

*Social*


A species is classified as social if members for long-term _______ bonds, live in _______ groups, or live in larger groups with a relatively _______ long-term membership. In addition, members of the social group exhibit _______ recognition, _______ behavior, and _______ communication.

pair


family


stable


individual


cooperative


reciprocal

*Social*


In cats, _______ mean the same way humans or dogs are social.

doesn't

*Dominance hierarchy*


~the order of _______ within a group of animals


~construct by _______, using _______


~animals _______ or _______ _______ recognize the relationships between other individuals

~ranks


~humans, mathematics


~may, may not

*Linearity?*


~may or may not be linear


~within a given species, a variety of variables, including group _______ and _______ conditions, affect whether or not the hierarch

~size, environmental

*Social organization*


~When food resources allow, free-living and feral cats form _______ with relatively _______ long-term membership


~show _______ recognition


~have _______ associates


~_______ with each other

~colonies, stable


~individual


~preferred


~communicate

*Social Organization: Matriarchal*


Queens cooperatively rear young


~communal _______


~n_______


~g_______


~g_______


~m_______


~often, but not necessarily, _______

~nesting


~nursing


~grooming


~guarding


~midwifing


~related

*Co-operative rearing of kittens*


~_______-selection: facilitate the survival of relatives that are not ones own _______


~reciprocal _______: reciprocal exchange of "_______" of similar value and close in time

~kin, offspring


~altruism, favors

*Preferred associates*


Can be


~_______-_______ pairs


~_______-_______ pairs


~_______-_______ pairs


~multiple sets of preferred associates may effectively form trios or tetrads of cats that form a "_______" within the larger group

~female-female


~male-male


~male-female


~clique

*Special Note*


In tact males may...


~be _______ _______


~a_______


~a_______


~_______ together



At this point, there is no direct evidence that they form _______, as male lions do

~preferred assocaites


~allorub


~allogroom


~rest



alliances

*Preferred Associates*


~_______ more


~_______ more


~are in _______ _______ more

~allogroom


~allorub


~physical contact

*Preferred Associates*


~do not associate _______ at specific sites of preferred resources


~instead, they are often found together in a _______ number of sites


~this rules out the hypotehsis that they simply tend to go to the same _______ at the same _______ of day, or are forming aggregations


~they are together for another reason, the social _______

~exclusively


~large


~resources, time


~bond

*Allogrooming*


As with horses, is often done in an area that is _______ for the cat being groomed to reach


One advantage to colony living? you get your head cleaned!

difficult

*Allorubbing*


By ad libitum report,s occurs more when cats _______ to the colony after being gone for awhile, presumably _______. May serve to exchange _______.

return, hunting


scent

*Friendly Greeting*


Allorubbin is usually preceded by a _______-_______ approach by at least one cat and is most likely to occur if _______ cats approach in this fashion. May see tail-_______ as a part of it.

tail-up


both


wrapping

*Physical Contact*


~occurs even in _______ and _______ weather


~serves another function than _______

~hot, humid


~thermoregulation

*Play*


Adult cats, including free-living and feral cats which must hunt to survive, _______

play

*Time together*


For pairs of cats, the longer they have been together, the less _______ _______ occurs. This is consistent with the formation of stable _______ relationships, which rely on dominance _______ rather than overt aggression.

overt aggression


dominance


signaling

*Association*


_______ and cats that a given cat is more _______ with is more likely to be nearest _______ than non-relatives and unfamiliar cats.


Being related is _______ important than familiarity.

Relatives, familiar


neighbors



more

*Raising Kittens*


~Extensive social learning occurs from _____ - _____ weeks and beyond


~Raising cats from 5-6 weeks onward with no contact with their own species can result in serious incompetence in _______ skills.

~2-16


~social

*Non-group members?*


~recognized as _______


~are either _______ from the group, or, if they are successful in persistent attempts to join the group, cause a period of _______ and _______ within the group

~strangers


~driven


conflict, disorganization

*Polygamous Species*


Males: 2 major strategies


~spend most of their time with a _______ group, develop strong _______ relationships with the queens in the group, and _______ kittens

~particular


affiliative


defend

*Polygamous Species*
Males: 2 major strategies


~_______ from group to group, seeking _______ queens, maximizing opportunities to mate with multiple _______

~migrate, estrous


queens

*Solitary activity*


~primary diet is _______ _______


~one cat requires _______ daily


~hunting technique involves quiet, slow _______ with sudden killing _______


~most effectively done _______

~small rodents


~several


~stalk, pounce


~alone

*Solitary life*


Food is widely _______ and _______ to support a colony

dispersed


insufficient

*Hunting- dispersion*


_______ _______ may assist cats that are members of the same colony in dispersing, so that they do not _______ with each others hunting.

Spray marks


interfere

*How did they become social?*


~Ancestor _______ _______ is presumed to be solitary and asocial


~Reclusive, cryptic cat about which little is known

~Felis libyca

*Is Felix libyca really solitary?*


~during field studies in North Africa, MacDonald (1996) observed Felis libyca joining a group of Felis _______


~Smithers (1983) observed tame Felis libyca females bringing _______ to each other when one of the other had kittens

~catus


~food

*Selection pressure on ancestral Felis libyca*


Early human farming settlements in North Africa provided concentrated _______ resources, which attracted _______ numbers of cats

food, large

*Selection pressure*


~long period of maternal care as mother teaches growing kittens to _______


~with population density around concentrated food resources, cat families that extended _______ and _______ behavior into adulthood would have been more successful than _______ or _______ individuals

~hunt


~cooperation, social


asocial, solitary

*Dominance in cats*


~dominance relationships _______ form between cats


~for some dyads, the _______ nature of the relationship is reinforced regularly, while for other dayds, _______ is more obvious in the relationship than is agonistic interaction


~within the group, dominance _______ are formed

~do


~asymmetrical


cooperation


~hierarchies

*Dominance*


~ears _______ and _______ so aperture is more lateral


~hind limbs _______ and _______


~base of tail _______, remainder of tail _______


~head _______


~_______ and eye _______

~up, rotated


~extended, stiff


~elevated, drooped


~wag


~approach, stare

*Submission*


~ears _______ and _______


~tail, head _______


~c_______


~a_______


~_______ over

~down, back


~down


~crouched


~avoidance


~rolling

*Fear aggression*


~back _______


~ears _______


~tail _______ or _______ up


~shows _______


~p_______


~h_______ and g_______

~arched


~back


~arched, straight


~teeth


~piloerection


~hisses, growls