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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
*Solitary* |
social solitary pair |
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*Asocial* Literally, _______ _______; a species in which individuals do not engage in _______ _______ with each other |
not social social interactions |
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*Aggregation* A group of animals that gather around a _______ _______, such as food or water. It is the _______, and not any internal _______ of the group, that causes the proximity of the individuals, and _______ behavior does not occur within the group. |
common resource resource organization cooperative |
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*Social* A species is classified as social if members for long-term _______ bonds, live in _______ groups, or live in larger groups with a relatively _______ long-term membership. In addition, members of the social group exhibit _______ recognition, _______ behavior, and _______ communication. |
pair family stable individual cooperative reciprocal |
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*Social* In cats, _______ mean the same way humans or dogs are social. |
doesn't |
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*Dominance hierarchy* ~the order of _______ within a group of animals ~construct by _______, using _______ ~animals _______ or _______ _______ recognize the relationships between other individuals |
~ranks ~humans, mathematics ~may, may not |
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*Linearity?* ~may or may not be linear ~within a given species, a variety of variables, including group _______ and _______ conditions, affect whether or not the hierarch |
~size, environmental |
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*Social organization* ~When food resources allow, free-living and feral cats form _______ with relatively _______ long-term membership ~show _______ recognition ~have _______ associates ~_______ with each other |
~colonies, stable ~individual ~preferred ~communicate |
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*Social Organization: Matriarchal* Queens cooperatively rear young ~communal _______ ~n_______ ~g_______ ~g_______ ~m_______ ~often, but not necessarily, _______ |
~nesting ~nursing ~grooming ~guarding ~midwifing ~related |
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*Co-operative rearing of kittens* ~_______-selection: facilitate the survival of relatives that are not ones own _______ ~reciprocal _______: reciprocal exchange of "_______" of similar value and close in time |
~kin, offspring ~altruism, favors |
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*Preferred associates* Can be ~_______-_______ pairs ~_______-_______ pairs ~_______-_______ pairs ~multiple sets of preferred associates may effectively form trios or tetrads of cats that form a "_______" within the larger group |
~female-female ~male-male ~male-female ~clique |
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*Special Note* In tact males may... ~be _______ _______ ~a_______ ~a_______ ~_______ together
At this point, there is no direct evidence that they form _______, as male lions do |
~preferred assocaites ~allorub ~allogroom ~rest
alliances |
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*Preferred Associates* ~_______ more ~_______ more ~are in _______ _______ more |
~allogroom ~allorub ~physical contact |
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*Preferred Associates* ~do not associate _______ at specific sites of preferred resources ~instead, they are often found together in a _______ number of sites ~this rules out the hypotehsis that they simply tend to go to the same _______ at the same _______ of day, or are forming aggregations ~they are together for another reason, the social _______ |
~exclusively ~large ~resources, time ~bond |
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*Allogrooming* As with horses, is often done in an area that is _______ for the cat being groomed to reach One advantage to colony living? you get your head cleaned! |
difficult |
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*Allorubbing* By ad libitum report,s occurs more when cats _______ to the colony after being gone for awhile, presumably _______. May serve to exchange _______. |
return, hunting scent |
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*Friendly Greeting* Allorubbin is usually preceded by a _______-_______ approach by at least one cat and is most likely to occur if _______ cats approach in this fashion. May see tail-_______ as a part of it. |
tail-up both wrapping |
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*Physical Contact* ~occurs even in _______ and _______ weather ~serves another function than _______ |
~hot, humid ~thermoregulation |
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*Play* Adult cats, including free-living and feral cats which must hunt to survive, _______ |
play |
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*Time together* For pairs of cats, the longer they have been together, the less _______ _______ occurs. This is consistent with the formation of stable _______ relationships, which rely on dominance _______ rather than overt aggression. |
overt aggression dominance signaling |
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*Association* _______ and cats that a given cat is more _______ with is more likely to be nearest _______ than non-relatives and unfamiliar cats. Being related is _______ important than familiarity. |
Relatives, familiar neighbors
more |
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*Raising Kittens* ~Extensive social learning occurs from _____ - _____ weeks and beyond ~Raising cats from 5-6 weeks onward with no contact with their own species can result in serious incompetence in _______ skills. |
~2-16 ~social |
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*Non-group members?* ~recognized as _______ ~are either _______ from the group, or, if they are successful in persistent attempts to join the group, cause a period of _______ and _______ within the group |
~strangers ~driven conflict, disorganization |
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*Polygamous Species* Males: 2 major strategies ~spend most of their time with a _______ group, develop strong _______ relationships with the queens in the group, and _______ kittens |
~particular affiliative defend |
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*Polygamous Species* ~_______ from group to group, seeking _______ queens, maximizing opportunities to mate with multiple _______ |
~migrate, estrous queens |
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*Solitary activity* ~primary diet is _______ _______ ~one cat requires _______ daily ~hunting technique involves quiet, slow _______ with sudden killing _______ ~most effectively done _______ |
~small rodents ~several ~stalk, pounce ~alone |
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*Solitary life* Food is widely _______ and _______ to support a colony |
dispersed insufficient |
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*Hunting- dispersion* _______ _______ may assist cats that are members of the same colony in dispersing, so that they do not _______ with each others hunting. |
Spray marks interfere |
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*How did they become social?* ~Ancestor _______ _______ is presumed to be solitary and asocial ~Reclusive, cryptic cat about which little is known |
~Felis libyca |
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*Is Felix libyca really solitary?* ~during field studies in North Africa, MacDonald (1996) observed Felis libyca joining a group of Felis _______ ~Smithers (1983) observed tame Felis libyca females bringing _______ to each other when one of the other had kittens |
~catus ~food |
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*Selection pressure on ancestral Felis libyca* Early human farming settlements in North Africa provided concentrated _______ resources, which attracted _______ numbers of cats |
food, large |
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*Selection pressure* ~long period of maternal care as mother teaches growing kittens to _______ ~with population density around concentrated food resources, cat families that extended _______ and _______ behavior into adulthood would have been more successful than _______ or _______ individuals |
~hunt ~cooperation, social asocial, solitary |
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*Dominance in cats* ~dominance relationships _______ form between cats ~for some dyads, the _______ nature of the relationship is reinforced regularly, while for other dayds, _______ is more obvious in the relationship than is agonistic interaction ~within the group, dominance _______ are formed |
~do ~asymmetrical cooperation ~hierarchies |
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*Dominance* ~ears _______ and _______ so aperture is more lateral ~hind limbs _______ and _______ ~base of tail _______, remainder of tail _______ ~head _______ ~_______ and eye _______ |
~up, rotated ~extended, stiff ~elevated, drooped ~wag ~approach, stare |
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*Submission* ~ears _______ and _______ ~tail, head _______ ~c_______ ~a_______ ~_______ over |
~down, back ~down ~crouched ~avoidance ~rolling |
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*Fear aggression* ~back _______ ~ears _______ ~tail _______ or _______ up ~shows _______ ~p_______ ~h_______ and g_______ |
~arched ~back ~arched, straight ~teeth ~piloerection ~hisses, growls |