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21 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
A-6. What are normal epithelium's adaptations to chronic injury/stimuli?
Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperlasia, Squamous Metaplasia, Dysplasia
A-6. What are the wound characterisitics of Primary vs. Secondary intention?
Primary: edges are surgically attached, may cause wound contraction

Secondary: wound edges are not attache, formation of granulation tissue, takes longer to heal
A-6. Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis are mediated by?
Chemotaxis: comp C3b, IL-8

Phagocytosis: conp C3b (opsonin)
A-6. What are the roles of C3a and C3b in the immune response?
C3a: chemotaxis

C3b: opsonization
A-6. In Wegener's granulomatosis, what is the cause of the underlying autoimmunity?
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm (ANCA)
A-6. What are the antibodies/mediators, symptoms, and examples of Type 1-IV hypersensitivy reactions?
1: IgE, broncho constrict, anaphylaxis and asthma - 2: IgG/M, hemolysis, transfusion reaction - 3: IgG/M, arthritis/glomerulonephritis, serum sickness - 4: T-cells/active macrophages/killer cells, erythema with induration, tuberculin rxn/transplant rejection
A-6. What are the major oncoges, their products, and associated pathologies?
c-myc: transcription factor, Burkitt lymphoma

c-abl: tyrosine kinase, CML

bcl-2: inhibits apoptosis, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

ras: G-protein, Colon carcinoma
A-6 How does oncogenesis screw up protein synthesis and cell growth?
1.) Too many normal gene copies 2.) Over-stimulated normal gene 3.) Mutated gene produces non-regulated product
A-6. What are the most common primary sites of metastatic cancer to the Brain, Bone, and Liver?
Brain: lung>breast

Bone: breast>lung

Liver: colon>stomach>pancreas
A-6. In autosomal dominant diseases (Dd)....
Males and females are at equal risk and every sick child has at least one sick parent.
A-6. In X-linked recessive disorders, diseases tend to...

Male to male transmission of disease rules out...
1.) skip generations 2.) X-linked diseases
A-6. In albinism, melanocytes are present but contain only...
Unpigmented Melanosomes
A-6. Compare adult vs. infant polycystic kidney disease.
Adult: common, dominant, berry aneurysms

Infant: rare, recessive, liver cysts
A-6. What are the lab findings of someone with Bruton's agammaglobulinemia?
Low or absent B-cells
A-6. What are the physical findings in someone with Turner Syndrome?
Webbed neck, broad chest with widelt spaced nipples, aortic coarcation, "streak" ovaries, immature genitals/lack menstration, short stature
A-6. What are the physical findings of someone with Klinefelter Syndrome?
High voice, lack facial hair, gynecomastia, hypogonadism/lack pubic hair/infertillity, tall stature
A-6. What is the difference between Prader Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome?
PWS: 15q11-13 deletion are in the paternal chromosome

AS: the same finding ^ is in the maternal chromosome
A-6. What are the MHC antigens B27 and DR3 known for?
B27: Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis

DR3: SLE, IDDM
A-6. The two most common causes of food poisoning are...?
C. perfringens and S. aureus toxin
A-6. Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) is defined as...
excessive fibrosis throughout the body
A-6. Sjogren's syndrome is the...
Immunological destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands