Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
New way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question; many new discoveries about the physical world were made during this time period |
Scientific Revolution |
|
|
Scientist who discovered the universal law of gravitation (tree-apple) |
Isaac Newton |
|
|
Theory that the sun is the center of the universe |
heliocentric theory |
|
|
Theory that the earth was the center of the universe |
geocentric theory |
|
|
Scientist who was forced by the Catholic Church to take back his ideas that the planets were not crystal spheres of light; he created his own telescope |
Galileo Galilei |
|
|
Intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems; also called Age of Reason |
Enlightenment |
|
|
The _________________ has five basic steps. Those steps are making an observation or coming up with a problem, forming a hypothesis, performing experiments, analyzing data and forming a conclusion. |
scientific method |
|
|
Who discovered the sun was the center of the universe? |
Copernicus |
|
|
Who discovered the planets revolve in elliptical orbits? |
Kepler |
|
|
What instrument allows us to view tiny organisms like red blood cells? |
microscope |
|
|
What was the first vaccine for? |
smallpox |
|
|
What describes the relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure of a gas? |
Boyle's Law |
|
|
Which philosopher believed in separation of powers and checks and balances? |
Montesquieu |
|
|
Which philosopher advocated for freedom of religion, speech, reason, and tolerance? "I do not agree with a thing you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it." |
Voltaire |
|
|
John Locke believed people had three natural rights: |
life, liberty, property |
|
|
Who believed capital punishment should be abolished? |
Beccaria |
|
|
Who advocated for women's rights and education? |
Mary Wollstonecraft |
|
|
Many of the Enlightenment philosophers believed that the government should get its power from the _____. |
people |
|
|
What three things did the Enlightenment promote? |
-belief in progress -more secular outlook -faith in science |
|
|
The U.S. Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights were influenced by which Enlightenment philosophers? |
Voltaire, Locke, Rouseau, Montesqueiu, Beccaria |
|
|
Who created the Encyclopedia? |
Denis Diderot |
|
|
Who are considered to be the most famous classical composers? |
Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven |
|
|
What type of literature became popular during the Enlightenment? |
the novel |
|
|
Who was considered to be the most radical royal reformer? |
Joseph of Austria |
|
|
Which ruler was most admired by the philosophes? She exchanged many letters with Voltaire. Her commission to review Russia's laws failed. |
Catherine the Great |
|
|
An absolute ruler who embraced the ideals of the Enlightenment |
enlightened despot |
|
|
How did the French and Indian War lead to the Stamp Act? |
Britain passed the act to help pay for the costs of the war |
|
|
Why did the colonists criticize the Stamp Act as "taxation without representation"? |
The colonists were being taxed and not being allowed to have any representation in Parliament. |
|
|
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? |
Thomas Jefferson |
|
|
Why were the colonists able to achieve victory in the American Revolution? |
1. stronger motivation for fighting 2. British were overconfident 3. time was on the side of the Americans 4. French helped the Americans |
|
|
Why did the Antifederalists want a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? |
They wanted a guarantee of basic individual rights and freedoms |
|
|
Why was the Article of Confederation not effective? |
It gave very little power to the federal government |
|
|
What system was put into place by the U.S. Constitution that we see in effect today with our executive, legislative, and judicial branches? |
checks and balances |
|
|
Who were the Americans declaring independence from? |
Britain |
