5P-The Changing Earth

Front 1

atmosphere

Back 1

the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth, contains the clouds and protects living things from too much sunlight

Front 2

hydrosphere

Back 2

the water part of the Earth's surface (oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, glaciers)

Front 3

lithosphere

Back 3

the rigid outer shell of the Earth containing rocks, soil, and minerals

Front 4

crust

Back 4

the top layer of the Earth, the outer layer of the lithosphere

Front 5

mantle

Back 5

the middle layer of the Earth between the crust and core, it is partly solid and partly melted

Front 6

core

Back 6

the center part of the Earth, beneath the mantle, made of solid, very hot metals

Front 7

What happens to the temperature of the Earth as we move from the surface to the Earth's center?

Back 7

it increases up to 6000 degrees Celsius

Front 8

plate tectonics

Back 8

a theory stating that the Earth's surface is broken into plates that move, made up of about 20 plates

Front 9

plate

Back 9

large section of the Earth's surface made of the crust and the rigid top part of the mantle

Front 10

How do scientists think Earth's crust moves?

Back 10

The Earth's crust is broken into about 20 plates. These plates "ride" or "float" on top of Earth's mantle, which flows like hot thick soup. The huge plates are carried by the flowing mantle.

Front 11

What are some events caused by plate movements?

Back 11

Volcanoes, severe Earthquakes, and mountains form. These events occur when one plate pushes against another plate.

Front 12

hypothesis

Back 12

reasonable guess to a problem

Front 13

theory

Back 13

a hypothesis that has been supported by evidence (Ex. plate tectonics)

Front 14

weathering

Back 14

the process that breaks down and changes rock

Front 15

Name 2 types of weathering that can act on rocks:

Back 15

a. physical- breaks down rocks without changing the substance the makes up rock

b. chemical- break down rock by changing the substance that makes up the rock

Front 16

erosion

Back 16

the moving of weathered rock and soil by wind, water, or ice

Front 17

deposition

Back 17

the dropping of materials moved by erosion, changes the Earth's surface by creating new features such as deltas, beaches and dunes

Front 18

rock cycle

Back 18

the way that rocks change from one form to another

Front 19

igneous rock

Back 19

melted mantle that has cooled

Front 20

metamorphic rock

Back 20

igneous or sedimentary rock changed by heat or pressure

Front 21

sedimentary rock

Back 21

solid particles cemented together

Front 22

How can rocks show that changes take place on Earth?

Back 22

Rocks change position as mountains form, volcanoes erupt, or earthquakes happen. Scientists study rocks to tell what events happened and where the events happened

Front 23

mineral

Back 23

a natural, nonliving solid with a definite chemical structure

Front 24

fossil

Back 24

remains of any dead organisms trapped in rock layer, part of the rock cycle

Front 25

What can scientists learn from fossils?

Back 25

They learn about the history of the Earth, whether the climate was warm or cool, or whether the area was wet or dry