5_Lom_Urinary_System

Front 1

cali/o
calic/o

Back 1

calyx

Front 2

caliectasis

Back 2

dilation of the calices, usually due to obstruction or infection. SYN calicectasis, pyelocaliectasis

Front 3

caliceal

Back 3

relating to the calix SYN calyceal

Front 4

cyst/o

Back 4

urinary bladder

Front 5

cystitis

Back 5

Bacterial infections often cause acute or chronic cystitis. In acute cystitis, the bladder (contains blood) as a result of mucosal hemorrhages.

Front 6

cystectomy

Back 6

Excision of the urinary bladder, excision of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).

Front 7

cystostomy

Back 7

Creation of an opening into the urinary bladder. SYN vesicostomy
An opening is made into the urinary bladder form the outside of the body. A catheter is placed into the bladder for drainage.

Front 8

glomerul/o

Back 8

glomerulus (collection of capillaries)
glomerular, glomerulose

Front 9

meat/o

Back 9

meatus

Front 10

meatal stenosis

Back 10

stenosis: a stricture of any canal or orifice.

Front 11

meatotomy

Back 11

An incision made to enlarge the meatus

Front 12

nephr/o

Back 12

kidney

Front 13

paranephric

Back 13

pertaining to the paranephros: (pl. paranephroi) suprarenal gland

Front 14

nephropathy

Back 14

any disease of the kidney SYN nephropathia, nephrosis

Front 15

nephroptosis

Back 15

prolapse(ptosis or sinking) of the kidney

Front 16

nephrolithotomy

Back 16

Incision into the kidney for the removal of a renal calculus.

Front 17

nephrosclerosis

Back 17

Fibrosis of the kidney from overgrowth and contraction of the interstitial connective tissue.

Front 18

hydronephrosis

Back 18

Dilation of the pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys. May result from obstruction to the flow of urine, versicoureteral reflux, or primary congenital deformity w/o apparent cause. SYN pelvocaliectasis, pyeloureterctasis.

Front 19

nephrostomy

Back 19

making an opening between the collecting system of the kidney through its parenchyma to the exterior of the body, either by surgical incision or percutaneously(thru a catheter, using the Seldinger technique).

Front 20

pyel/o

Back 20

renal pelvis

Front 21

pyelolithotomy

Back 21

Removal of a large calculus that contributes to blockage of urine flow and development of infection.

Front 22

ren/o

Back 22

kidney

Front 23

renal ischemia

Back 23

ischemia:local anemia due to mechanical obstruction of blood supply (mainly arterial narrowing or disruption).

Front 24

renal colic

Back 24

Colic is intermittent spasms of pain caused by inflammation and distention of a hollow organ. In renal colic, pain results from calculi in the kidney or ureter.

Front 25

trigon/o

Back 25

trigone (region of the bladder)

Front 26

trigonitis

Back 26

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, localized in the trigone.

Front 27

ureter/o

Back 27

ureter

Front 28

ureteroplasty

Back 28

Surgical reconstruction of the ureters.

Front 29

ureterolithotomy

Back 29

Removal of a stone lodged in a ureter.

Front 30

ureteroileostomy

Back 30

After cystectomy, urologists form a pouch from a segment of the ileum and use it in place of the bladder to carry urine from the ureters out of the body. It is an ileal conduit.

Front 31

urethr/o

Back 31

urethra

Front 32

urethritis

Back 32

Inflammation of the urethra

Front 33

urethroplasty

Back 33

Surgical reconstruction of the urethra.

Front 34

urethral stricture

Back 34

Stricture: abnormal narrowing of an opening or passageway.

Front 35

vesic/o

Back 35

urinary bladder

Front 36

perivesical

Back 36

SYN percystic, surrounding the urinary bladder.

Front 37

vesicoureteral reflux

Back 37

backward flow of urine from bladder into ureter.

Front 38

albumin/o

Back 38

albumin (blood protein)

Front 39

albuminuria

Back 39

(-uria means urine condition) This finidng can indicate malfunction of the kidney as protein leaks out of damaged glomeruli.

Front 40

azot/o

Back 40

nitrogen

Front 41

azotemia

Back 41

This is reflected in an elevated BUN (blood urea nitrogen) test.

Front 42

bacteri/o

Back 42

bacteria

Front 43

bacteriuria

Back 43

Usually a sign of infection.

Front 44

dips/o

Back 44

thirst

Front 45

polydipsia

Back 45

Excessive thirst that is relatively prolonged. A sign of diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus.

Front 46

ket/o
keton/o

Back 46

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

Front 47

ketosis

Back 47

A condition characterised by enhanced production of ketone bodies, as in diabetes mellitus or starvation. Often called ketoacidosis because acids accumulate in the blood.

Front 48

ketonuria

Back 48

Enhanced urinary excretion of ketone bodies.

Front 49

lith/o

Back 49

stone

Front 50

nephrolithiasis

Back 50

Presence of renal calculi.

Front 51

noct/i

Back 51

night

Front 52

nocturia

Back 52

Purposeful urination at night, after waking from sleep.

Front 53

olig/o

Back 53

scanty

Front 54

oliguria

Back 54

Scanty urine production.

Front 55

-poietin

Back 55

substance that forms

Front 56

erythropoietin

Back 56

A sialic acid-containing protein that enhances erythropoiesis by stimulating formation of proerythroblasts and release of reticulocytes from bone marrow; formed by kidney and liver, and possibly by other tissues, can be detected in human plasma and urine.

Front 57

py/o

Back 57

pus

Front 58

pyuria

Back 58

Presence of pus in the urine when voided.

Front 59

-tripsy

Back 59

to crush

Front 60

lithotripsy

Back 60

The crushing of a stone in the renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder, by mechanical force or focused sound energy. SYN lithotrity.

Front 61

ur/o

Back 61

urine (urea)

Front 62

uremia

Back 62

This toxic state results when nitrogenous waste products accumulate greatly in the blood.

Front 63

enuresis

Back 63

Literally, a condition of being in urine, and also called bedwetting.

Front 64

diuresis

Back 64

Commonly denotes production of unusually large volumes of urine. di- (from dia-) means complete. Caffeine and alcohol can produce diuresis, acting as diuretics to produce a diluted urine.

Front 65

antidiuretic hormone

Back 65

Also called ADH. A hormone from the pituitary gland, and literally meaning against diuresis, normally acts on the renal tubules to cause water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

Front 66

urin/o

Back 66

urine

Front 67

urinary incontinence

Back 67

Incontinence literally means not(in-) able to hold(tin) together(con-). This is loss of control of the passage of urine from the bladder. Stress incontinence occurs with strain on the bladder opening when coughing or sneezing. Urgency incontinence occurs with inability to hold back urination when feeling the urge to void.

Front 68

urinary retention

Back 68

This symptom results with blockage to the outflow of urine from the bladder.

Front 69

-uria

Back 69

urination, urine condition

Front 70

dysuria

Back 70

Difficulty or pain in urination.

Front 71

anuria

Back 71

Absence of urine formation.

Front 72

hematuria

Back 72

Presence of blood or RBCs in the urine.

Front 73

glycosuria

Back 73

SYN glucosuria, glycuresis, urinary excretion of carbohydrates. A symptom of diabetes mellitus.

Front 74

polyuria

Back 74

Excessive excretion of urine resulting in profuse and frequent micturition. A symptom of both diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus.