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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which is incorrect regarding Occlusive arterial disease?
A. It is more common in Males than females, and Non-caucasians. B. Diabetes and Smoking are the 2 most important risk factors. C. It is defined as an ankle brachial index < 0.7 D. Other risk factors include hyperhomocysteinuria and Hypertension. |
C. Ankle brachial index < 0.9
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True: False - the most common cause of acute limb ischaemia is Embolic occlusion.
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False: Thrombotic occlusion.
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Which of the following is correct?
A. The heart is the source of 75% of emboli in peripheral arterial occlusion. B. Atrial fibrillation is associated with 75% of peripheral emboli. C. Cardiac emboli typically originate from the left atrial appendage. D. Late findings of limb ischaemia include muscle weakness and hyperaesthesia. |
C.
A = 80-90% B = 66% (2/3) D = Early findings. |
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List the Symptoms and signs of acute limb ischaemia.
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Pain
Pallor Paraesthesia Poikilothermia Pulselessness Paralysis Early findings : (pain ; hypaesthesia ; Hyperaesthesia ; Muscle weakness ) Late findings : ( Paralysis and anaesthesia ) Skin changes : ( Pallor ; cyanosis ; petechiae / blisters ; decreased skin temperature ) |
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In regards to the Ankle-Brachial index, which of the following is correct?
A. Normal values lie between 0.81 and 0.95 B. < 0.35 suggests limb threatening ischaemia C. Mild to moderate ischaemia = 0.5 -0.8 D. Occlusive arterial disease = values < 0.9 |
D.
A = 0.91 - 1.3 B = < 0.25 C = 0.41 - 0.90 |
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Which of the following is incorrect regarding acute limb ischaemia ?
A. A Vascular surgery consult is imperative before arranging confirmatory imaging. B. Immediate administration of heparin (bolus + infusion) is warranted in the threatened, ischaemic limb. C. 1/3 of deaths from occlusive arterial disease occur due to the metabolic sequelae of revascularisation. D. Aspirin is not considered a treatment option. |
D. It is.
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What are the treatment options for the acute ischaemic limb?
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1. Medical therapy : heparinisation
2. Surgical therapy: a. Percutaneous Mechanical thrombectomy + revascularisation with angioplasty (PTA) b. Standard surgery |
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What investigations are required/ considered in the work-up of an acutely ischaemic limb?
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ECG
Bloods ( CK ; myoglobin ; FBC ; U+E ; Coags ) Ultrasound : Duplex of Femoral / Popliteal arteries Echocardiography : Mural / left atrial appendage thrombus Imaging : CT angiogram limb vessels |
