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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the equation for blood pressure?
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Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral Resistance
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Define SBP.
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Systolic Blood Pressure: peak pressure during ventricular systole (contraction)
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Define DBP.
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Diastolic Blood Pressure: trough pressure in the vasculature at the end of diastole (filling).
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What is “pulse pressure”?
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Pulse Pressure = SBP – DBP
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What is “mean arterial pressure”?
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Mean Arterial Pressure = [(2 x diastolic) + systolic] / 3
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What is “BP load”?
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BP load is the percent of time BP is elevated above a pre-specified value.
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What is the JNC 7 Classification for “normal” adult blood pressure?
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SBP < 120 mmHg & DBP < 80 mmHg
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What is the JNC 7 Classification for “prehypertension” in adults?
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SBP of 120 to 139 mmHg or DBP of 80 to 89 mmHg
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What is the JNC 7 Classification for “stage 1 hypertension” in adults?
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SBP of 140 to 159 mmHg or DBP of 90 to 99
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What is the JNC 7 Classification for “stage 2 hypertension” in adults?
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SBP of at least 160 mmHg or DBP of at least 100 mmHg
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What is the recommended follow up interval for a patient whose blood pressure qualifies as “normal”?
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Recheck in 2 years
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What is the recommended follow up interval for a patient whose blood pressure qualifies as “prehypertension”?
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Recheck in 1 year
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What is the recommended follow up interval for a patient whose blood pressure qualifies as “stage 1 hypertension”?
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Confirm within 2 months
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What is the recommended follow up interval for a patient whose blood pressure qualifies as “stage 2 hypertension”?
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Evaluate or refer to source of care within 1 month. If > 180/110 mmHg, evaluate/treat immediately
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For a patient diagnoses as having hypertension, which organs are assessed for “target-organ disease”?
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Heart, Kidney, Brain, & Eyes
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What are the manifestations of target-organ disease in the heart from hypertension?
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), or Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
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What are the manifestations of target-organ disease in the brain from hypertension?
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Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), or Stroke
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What are the manifestations of target-organ disease in the periphery from hypertension?
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Claudication or Aneurysm
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What are the manifestations of target-organ disease in the kidney from hypertension?
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Serum Cr > 1.5 mg/dL, Proteinuria (1+ or greater)
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What are the manifestations of target-organ disease in the eyes from hypertension?
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Exudates, Papilledema
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What is the JNC-7 recommendation for the management of “prehypertension” without a compelling indication?
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Lifestyle Modification
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What is the JNC-7 recommendation for the management of “prehypertension” with a compelling indication?
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Drug(s) for compelling indications, plus lifestyle modification
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What is the JNC-7 recommendation for the management of “stage 1 hypertension” without a compelling indication?
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Thiazide-type diuretic for most. May consider ACEi, ARB, BB, CCB, or combination. Lifestyle Modification.
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What is the JNC-7 recommendation for the management of “stage 1 hypertension” with a compelling indication?
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Drug(s) for compelling indication(s), plus lifestyle modification.
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What is the JNC-7 recommendation for the management of “stage 2 hypertension” without a compelling indication?
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Two-drug combination for most (usually thiazide-type diuretic and ACEi, ARB, BB, or CCB), plus lifestyle modification.
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What is the JNC-7 recommendation for management of “stage 2 hypertension” with a compelling indication?
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Multiple antihypertensive drugs as needed, plus lifestyle modification.
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How significant is the effect on systolic blood pressure reduction from weight loss?
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5 to 20 mmHg / 10 kg weight loss
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How significant is the effect on systolic blood pressure reduction from adopting the DASH diet?
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8 to 14 mmHg
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How significant is the effect on systolic blood pressure reduction from lowering dietary sodium intake to < 2.4 g/day?
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2 to 8 mmHg
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How significant is the effect on systolic blood pressure reduction from increased physical activity?
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4 to 9 mmHg
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How significant is the effect on systolic blood pressure reduction from moderation of alcohol consumption (in people who over consume alcohol)?
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2 to 4 mmHg
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What is the blood pressure goal for most patients?
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< 140/90 mmHg
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What is the blood pressure goal for patients having chronic kidney disease?
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< 130/80 mmHg
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What are the criteria for chronic kidney disease?
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Scr > 1.5 mg/dL or presence of albuminuria ( > 300 mg/day or 200 mg/g creatinine)
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What is the blood pressure goal for a patient having diabetes mellitus (as recommended by the American Diabetic Association)?
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<140/90 mmHg
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