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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define "Nasal Turbinates"
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Nasal openings - warm and humidify inspiratory air while removing particles
Alternate name: Concha |
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Define "Epiglottis"
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What protects the airway from opening and allowing foreign material to enter the trachea
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Define "Larynx"
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Responsible for speech/phonation, located just prior to trachea
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What sometimes happens to the epiglottis when someone is unconscious?
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It may not close properly leading to aspiration
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How many ribs are connected to the thoracic vertebrae?
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10
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How many total ribs does the average human have?
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12
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Which portion of the spine possesses articulation points for movement?
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The thoracic curvature
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What are the three main regions of the spine?
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1) Cervical
2) Thoracic 3) Lumbar |
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What connects the ribs to the sternum?
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Cartilage
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What action are the external intercostal muscles responsible for?
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Air inspiration
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What action are the internal intercostal muscles responsible for?
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Air expiration - Brings the ribs together
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What are the three notable foreman of the diaphragm?
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1) Interior vena cava
2) Esophagus 3) Aorta |
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Define: "Phrenic Nerve"
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Motor nerve innervation of the diaphragm. Arise from the cervical spine (C3-C5)
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Define: "Intercostal Nerves"
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Motor nerve innervation of the intercostals. Arise from the thoracic spine.
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What muscles are used during normal, non-strenuous inhalation?
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The diaphragm.
The intercostals are not used in this instance. |
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Define: "Pleurae"
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A double membrane which surrounds each lung. It consists of either visceral or parietal pleurae.
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Where is the visceral pleurae located? The parietal pleurae?
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Visceral Pleurae - On the lung
Parietal Pleurae - Attached to the chest wall |
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What are the main divisions of the thoracic cavity?
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1) Pleura
2) Lungs 3) Pericardium 4) Heart 5) Mediastinum |
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Define: "Mediastinum"
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Consists of all structures between the pleural cavities.
Examples: heart, esophagus, trachea, nerves, etc |
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Define: "Pneumothorax"
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When the pressure difference in the thoracic cavity is breached. Quite simply, a hole in the chest.
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How many total lobes do both lungs consist of?
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5 lobes
Right Lung - 3 lobes Left Lung - 2 lobes |
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Name the five lobes of the lungs
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1) Right Upper Lobe (RUL)
2) Right Middle Lobe (RML) 3) Right Lower Lobe (RLL) 4) Left Upper Lobe (LUL) 5) Left Lower Lobe (LLL) |
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In which area of the airway does gas exchange occur?
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Only in the alveolar airway
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What are the main differences between what makes up the Bronchus and a Bronchiole?
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Bronchioles lack the following:
1) Cartilage 2) Mucus Glands 3) Mucus Blanket 4) Goblet Cells |
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Describe the path of air from the trachea to the site of gas exchange
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Trachea -> Bronchiole -> Terminal Bronchiole -> Respiratory Bronchiole -> Alveolar Duct -> Alveolar Sac -> Alveoli
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What is the role of Type I cells of the Alveoli?
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It is the major structural component
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What is the role of Type II cells of the alveoli?
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These are secretory cells which secret primarily pulmonary surfactant
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What are four facts pertaining to Pulmonary Circulation and Lymphatics?
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1) It is totally contained in the thoracic cavity
2) 100% of Cardiac Output flows through Pulm. Circulation 3) Pulm arteries branch in tandem with conducting airways 4) A network of lymphatic vessels surrounds the conducting airways, pulm arteries/veins and pleura |
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What type of blood do the pulmonary arteries carry?
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Non-oxygenated, venous blood
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Why do we check lymph nodes in cancer diagnosis?
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Lymph nodes are "collection nodes" of waste material. Often free cancer cells will migrate to the lymphatic system.
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Where does bronchial circulation originate from?
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The thoracic aorta
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What is the role of Bronchial Circulation?
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Transports oxygenated, systemic blood to the walls of the conducting airways and pulmonary blood vessels
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Where do bronchial veins empty?
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Into the pulmonary vein
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