555 Exam 1: Brainstem Reflexes

Front 1

what type of reflexes are the ones at the brainstem level

Back 1

static postural reflexes... .tonic

Front 2

what are the brainstem level of CNS maturation dominated by

Back 2

primitive reflexes

Front 3

what are the resultant motor behaviors of the brainstem

Back 3

prone-lying and supine-lying

Front 4

what is the locomotive form of reflexes at the brainstem level

Back 4

apedal

Front 5

what is the stimulus type for sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 5

tactile

Front 6

what is the stimulus for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 6

perioral stroking

Front 7

what is the response for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 7

stimulation at the corners of the mouth elicits head turning toward stimulus. Stimulation of the upper or lower lip elicits mouth opening. Infant attemtpts to suck the examiner's finger

Front 8

what is the timing for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 8

onset: 28 weeks gestation
integration: 3 months

Front 9

what is the significance fo the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 9

persistence may inhibit normal sucking and feeding

Front 10

what type of reflexes are the ones at the brainstem level

Back 10

static postural reflexes... .tonic

Front 11

what type of reflexes are the ones at the brainstem level

Back 11

static postural reflexes... .tonic

Front 12

what are the brainstem level of CNS maturation dominated by

Back 12

primitive reflexes

Front 13

what could cause a baby with a normal sucking and swallowing reflex to turn away from stimulus

Back 13

if they were just fed

Front 14

what are the resultant motor behaviors of the brainstem

Back 14

prone-lying and supine-lying

Front 15

what are the brainstem level of CNS maturation dominated by

Back 15

primitive reflexes

Front 16

what is the locomotive form of reflexes at the brainstem level

Back 16

apedal

Front 17

what are the resultant motor behaviors of the brainstem

Back 17

prone-lying and supine-lying

Front 18

what is the locomotive form of reflexes at the brainstem level

Back 18

apedal

Front 19

what is the stimulus type for sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 19

tactile

Front 20

what is the stimulus type for sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 20

tactile

Front 21

what is the stimulus for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 21

perioral stroking

Front 22

what is the stimulus for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 22

perioral stroking

Front 23

what is the response for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 23

stimulation at the corners of the mouth elicits head turning toward stimulus. Stimulation of the upper or lower lip elicits mouth opening. Infant attemtpts to suck the examiner's finger

Front 24

what is the response for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 24

stimulation at the corners of the mouth elicits head turning toward stimulus. Stimulation of the upper or lower lip elicits mouth opening. Infant attemtpts to suck the examiner's finger

Front 25

what is the timing for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 25

onset: 28 weeks gestation
integration: 3 months

Front 26

what is the timing for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 26

onset: 28 weeks gestation
integration: 3 months

Front 27

what is the significance fo the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 27

persistence may inhibit normal sucking and feeding

Front 28

what is the significance fo the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 28

persistence may inhibit normal sucking and feeding

Front 29

what could cause a baby with a normal sucking and swallowing reflex to turn away from stimulus

Back 29

if they were just fed

Front 30

what could cause a baby with a normal sucking and swallowing reflex to turn away from stimulus

Back 30

if they were just fed

Front 31

what type of reflexes are the ones at the brainstem level

Back 31

static postural reflexes... .tonic

Front 32

what are the brainstem level of CNS maturation dominated by

Back 32

primitive reflexes

Front 33

what are the resultant motor behaviors of the brainstem

Back 33

prone-lying and supine-lying

Front 34

what is the locomotive form of reflexes at the brainstem level

Back 34

apedal

Front 35

what is the stimulus type for sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 35

tactile

Front 36

what is the stimulus for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 36

perioral stroking

Front 37

what is the response for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 37

stimulation at the corners of the mouth elicits head turning toward stimulus. Stimulation of the upper or lower lip elicits mouth opening. Infant attemtpts to suck the examiner's finger

Front 38

what is the timing for the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 38

onset: 28 weeks gestation
integration: 3 months

Front 39

what is the significance fo the sucking and swallowing reflex

Back 39

persistence may inhibit normal sucking and feeding

Front 40

what could cause a baby with a normal sucking and swallowing reflex to turn away from stimulus

Back 40

if they were just fed

Front 41

what is the stimulus type for the moro reflex

Back 41

proprioceptive

Front 42

what is the stimulus for the moro reflex

Back 42

child supine with head midline- head and shoulders supported by examiner, allow head to drop back suddenly by about 30 degrees

Front 43

what is the response to the moro reflex

Back 43

first phase: abduction of UE with extension of elbows, wrists, and fingers

second phase: shoulder adduction and elbow flexion (hugging motion), hands close

Front 44

what is the timing for the moro reflex

Back 44

onset: 28 weeks gestation
integration: 5-6 months

Front 45

what is the significance to the moro reflex

Back 45

persistence may inhibit development of protective responses. Unsupported sitting, equilibrium reactions, head control and higher level developmental milestones

Front 46

how does moro differ from startle reaction

Back 46

startle only results in the second phase (flexor movement) and is elicited by a loud noise or a light

Front 47

what reflexes are medullary

Back 47

1) sucking and swallowing
2) moro
3) asymmetrical tonic neck
4) symmetrical tonic
5) tonic labyrintine
6) associated reactions
7) positive supporting reaction

Front 48

what is the stimulus type for the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Back 48

proprioceptive

Front 49

what is the stimulus for the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Back 49

child supine, head in midline, turn child's head to one side either passively or actively (can test in other positions depending on child's age)

Front 50

what is the response to asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Back 50

arm and leg on face side (face limbs) extend, arm and leg on skull side (skull or occiput limbs) flex or increase in extensor tone noted in face limbs and flexor tone in skull limbs

Front 51

what is the timing for the asymmetricla tonic neck reflex

Back 51

onset: birth
integration: 4-6 months

Front 52

what is the significance of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Back 52

1) UE participate greater than LE in full term infants
2) response is never totally obligatory in normal infants. in normal infants usually seen more as an "attitude" (fencer's position)
3) persistence may inhibit development of normal rolling pattern, hand to mouth and hand to body exploration, visually directed reaching, midline hand activity, symmetrical head lifting
4) persistence may lead to scoliosis or hip subluxation

Front 53

what is the stimulus type for symmetrical tonic neck reflex

Back 53

proprioceptive

Front 54

what is the stimulus for the symmetrical tonic neck reflex

Back 54

child in quadruped position or prone over examiner's knees, passively flex then extend child's head

Front 55

what is the response for the symmetrical tonic neck reflex

Back 55

flexion of head produces flexion of UE, extension of LE. Extension of head produces extension of UE and flexion of LE

Front 56

what is the timing for the symmetrical tonic neck reflex

Back 56

onset: 4-6 months
integration: 8-10 months

Front 57

what is the significance of the symmetrical tonic neck reflex

Back 57

1) persistence may inhibit development of reciprocal creeping... child will "bunny-hop" instead
2) persistence may inhibit development of normal sitting posture

Front 58

what is teh stimulus type for the tonic labyrinthine reflex

Back 58

vestibular

Front 59

what is the stimulus for the tonic labyrinthine reflex

Back 59

supine or prone, head in midline. Observe child's tone and posture, or try to passively move head and limbs

Front 60

what is the response for the tonic labyrinthine reflex

Back 60

supine: extensor tone dominance

prone: flexor tone dominance

Front 61

what is the timing for the tonic labyrinthine reflex

Back 61

onset: birth
integration: by 6 months

Front 62

what is the significance of the tonic labyrinthine reflex

Back 62

persistent obligatory response may inhibit development of head lifting prone and/or supine, development or POE, rising to sitting, rolling, bringing hands to midline, hand-to-mouth and hand-to-body exploration

Front 63

what is the stimulus for associated reactions

Back 63

child under 4 years: squeeze runner toy in one hand for 15 sec

person over 4 years: have him/her perform sequential finger to thumb opposition or rapidly alternating pronation and supination of forearm

Front 64

what is the response for associated reactions

Back 64

observable overflow movements in the contralateral extremity and/or increased tone in other body parts

Front 65

what is the timing for the associated reactions

Back 65

onset: birth to 3 months
integration: by 8 or 9 years of age with maturation associated reactions become less diffuse and gradually decrease

Front 66

what is the significance to associated reactions

Back 66

1) positive reaction in patients with other abnormal reflex responses may suggest delayed reflex maturation

2) associated reactions may simply be noted as increased tone in response to a yawn, sneeze, etc

Front 67

what is the stimulus type for positive supporting reaction

Back 67

tactile and proprioceptive

Front 68

what is the stimulus for positive supporting reaction

Back 68

hold child in vertical position, lower to tabletop so feet make firm contact with surface

Front 69

what is the response for positive supporting reaction

Back 69

simultaneous contraction of flexors and extensors of LE

Front 70

what is the timing for positive supporting reaction

Back 70

onset: 6-9 months
integration: persists

Front 71

what is the significance to the positive supporting reaction

Back 71

1) a normal response which is needed for erect standing and bipedal locomotion

2) an exaggerated positive supporting reaction causes hip IR, ADD and knee extension, PF and inversion. Total extensor pattern will inhibit the development of abilities associated with normal gait, rising from and sitting in a chair, ascending and descending stairs

Front 72

what are the reflexes in the pons

Back 72

1) neck righting reaction
2) traction response

Front 73

what is the stimulus type for neck righting reaction

Back 73

tactile and proprioceptive

Front 74

what is the stimulus for the neck righting reaction

Back 74

child supine, extremities extended, rotate head to one side actively or passively

Front 75

what is the response for the neck righting reaction

Back 75

child will roll toward that side WITHOUT rotation (log-roll non-segmental motion)

Front 76

what is the timing for the neck righting reaction

Back 76

onset: present at birth
integration: by 6 months

Front 77

what is the significance to the neck righting reaction

Back 77

1) inhibited by body righting reaction acting on the body
2) may be of importance during birth process
3) allows child to roll from back to sidelying
4) persistence may inhibit development of segmental rolling supine to prone and prone to supine

Front 78

what is the stimulus type for the traction response

Back 78

proprioceptive

Front 79

what is the stimulus for the traction response

Back 79

child supine with head in midline, grasp child's wrist and pull to sitting, stretching the shoulder adductors and arm flexors

Front 80

what is the response to the traction response

Back 80

flexion of shoulders, elbows, wrist, and fingers

Front 81

what is the timing for the traction response

Back 81

onset: 28 weeks gestation
integration 2-5 months

Front 82

what is the significance of the traction response

Back 82

persistence inhibits voluntary reach and grasp