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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the functions of the foot
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1) loose adapter for accommodation to uneven terrain at the initiation of stance
2) provide shock absorption at heel contact 3) rigid lever for effective propulsion at the end of stance 4) mechanism for absorption of rotation of the lower limb during stance |
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what are the ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint
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anterior tib fib and posterior tib fib
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what motions can sprain both the anterior tibiofibular lig and the posterior tibiofibular lig
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- severe inversion or eversion
- excessive ankle DF - excessive compression forces (falling on heels) - external rotation of the foot |
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what is the motion at the talocrural joint
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triplanar movement- mostly DF/PF
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where is the Axis of rotation for the talocrural joint
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oblique between the distal tips of the malleoli....
medial, anterior, proximal --> lateral, posterior, distal |
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what is the normal DF at the talocrural
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15 degrees
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what is the normal PF at the talocrural
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50 degrees
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what is the DF and PF required for gait
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DF= 10
PF = 20 |
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what is the resting position of the talocrural joint
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10 deg PF
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what is the close packed position of the talocrural
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full DF
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what is the capsular pattern for talocrural joint
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greater limitation of PF than DF
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what are the lateral collateral ligaments of the talocrural joint
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- anterior talofibib lig
- calcaneofibular lig. - posterior talofibular lig |
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what is the firs ligament sprained with an inversion sprain
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anterior talofib lig.
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what is the second ligament injured with an inversion sprain
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calcaneofibular lig.
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how do you test the anterior talofibular lig.
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anterior drawer test
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how do you test the calcaneofibular lig
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tilt test of calcaneus
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which lig is rarely injured
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posterior talofib lig.
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what is the role of the ant. and post. talofibular ligs
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provide support to the talocrural joint
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what is the majro role of the calcaneofibular lig
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provide stability to both the talocrural and subtalar joints
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where do all 3 lateral collateral ligaments originate
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lateral malleolus
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where do the lateral collateral ligaments attach
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anterior talofib and posterior talofib attach to the talus whereas the calcaneofib lig attaches to the calcaneus
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what is the most likely consequence of an inversion injury
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more likely to fractuer the ankle than tear the ligaments
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describe the superficial layer of the deltoid lig
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triangular in shape and broad with attachments to
the navicular and in a continuous line along the medial margin of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament to the sustentaculum tale of the calcaneus |
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describe the deep layer of the deltoid lig.
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consist of the atnerior and posterior talotibial ligaments
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what ligament is the superficial fibers of the deltoid ligament
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tibiocalcaneal (fibers actually attach to the navicular too)
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what joint in the ankle is responsible for PF/DF
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talocrural
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what joint in the ankle is responsible for inversion/eversion
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subtalar
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what is normal inversion
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16-28
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what is normal eversion
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8-14
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inversion to eversion has what ration at the subtalar joint
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2 (inversion): 1 (eversion
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what is the resting position of the subtalar joint
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midway between full supination and full pronation
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what is the close packed position of the subtalar joint
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supination
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what is the axis of rotation for the subtalar joint
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oblique from post, lateral, distal --> anterior, medial, proximal
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what motions does the subtalar joint allow us to do
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pronation and supination
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the subtalar joint is composed of the ___ and the ____
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talus and calcaneus
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what are the articular surfaces of the subtalar joint
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3 (sometimes only 2)
1) anterior 2) middle 3) posterior |
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where do the osseous components of the subtalar joint lie
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between the superior surface of the calcaneus and the inferior surface of the talus
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why are the ligaments of the subtalar joint short and powerful
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to resist the severe stress incurred during walking, running, and jumping
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what is the main ligament of the subtalar joint
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interosseous talocalcaneal--> split into anterior interosseus and posterior interosseus
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describe the interosseous talocalcaneal lig
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- thick
- quardrilateral lig - composed of two specific bands |
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where do the two bands of the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament run
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through the sinus tarsus
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what are the two lesser ligaments of the subtalar joint
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lateral talocalcaneal lig and the posterior talocalcanal lig
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what are the transverse tarsal joints
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- talonavicular joint
- calcaneocuboid joint |
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what is the AOR for the transverse tarsal joint
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actually two joints with two seperate axes: oblique and longitudinal
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the motion at the the oblique and longitudinal ligaments of the transverse tarsal joint are ____ upon eachother and _____ upon the subtalar joint
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independent upon eachother and dependent upon the subtalar joint
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what position would align the longitudinal axes and the oblique axis so that they were parallel
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if the subtalar joint was in pronation
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what is meant by "loose bag of bones"
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when the subtalar joint is in pronation and the axes of the transverse taresal joint are parallel --> there is a hypermobile effect that allows accomodation to uneven terrain
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what is the effect of the subtalar joint moving into supination
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the axial planes create a rigid foot for efficient heel-off
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what are the characteristics of the transvers tarsal joint when the foot is PRONATED
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- two axes are parallel
- forefoot is mobile (suited for early stance) - mobile adaptor for the ground and shock absorption |
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what are the characteristics of the transverse tarsal joint when the foot is SUPINATED
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- the two axes are less parallel
- the forefoot is rigid (suited for push off) - rigid lever for propulsion |
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what is the resting position for the transverse tarsal joints
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midway between the extremes of supination and pronation
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what is the closepacked position of the transverse tarsal joints
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supination
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what is the resting position for the MTP joints
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neutral
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what is the close packed position for the MTP joints
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full extension
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what is the resting position for the IP joints
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slight flexion
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what is the close packed position for the IP joints
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full extension
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what is a "ray"
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the metatarsal and its articulating cuneiform
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what occurs during weight bearing pronation
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- knee flexion
- tibial internal rotation - adduction and PF of the talus - calcaneus eversion |
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what occurs during weight bearing supination
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- knee extension
- tibial external rotation - abduction and DF of the talus - calcaneal inversion |
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what muscles control pronation
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- anterior tibialis
- posterior tibialis - peroneus longus |
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where are the attachments for the anterior tibialis
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medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
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where are the attachments for the posterior tibialis
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navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms, base of second, third, and fourth metatarsals
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what are the attachments for the peroneus longus
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base of the first metatarsal
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which pronator does not have a good mechanical advantage for this motion
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anterior tibialis
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what are the variables of interest with normal subtalar joint motion during gait
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- amount of pronation
- maximum pronation velocity - timing of pronation/supination |
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what are the dysfunctions of abnormal subtalar joint motion during gait
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- excessive pronation
- delayed supination |
