Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
drugs for dilation of airway
|
Beta 2 agonists
Epinephrine Isoproterenol Albuterol |
|
|
Surfactant
|
DPPC (Dipalmitoyl PhosphatidylCholine)
Type II Pneumocytes |
|
|
Atelectasis
|
alveoli collapse due to incrase surface tension
|
|
|
Tidal Volume
|
500mL
normal volume of breath |
|
|
Insiratory Reserve Volume
|
3000mL
Max inhale above Tidal Volume |
|
|
Expiratory Reserve Volume
|
1200mL
maximal exhale past normal exhale |
|
|
Residual Volume
|
1200mL
left after max exhale |
|
|
Inspiratory Capacity
|
3500mL
Tidal + inspriatory reserve |
|
|
Functional Residual Capacity
|
2400mL
amount left after normal exhale |
|
|
Vital Capacity
|
4700mL
max exhale after max inhale |
|
|
Total lung capacity
|
5900mL
|
|
|
Anatomic Dead Space
|
150mL
volume of conducting zone |
|
|
Min Ventilation
|
volume in & out/min
|
|
|
Alveolar Ventilation
|
volume of gas exchanged/min
|
|
|
Muscle of inspiration
|
External Intercostals & Accessory (exercise)
Diaphragm (primary) |
|
|
Muscle of Expiration
|
Passive (normal)
Abs & Internal Intercostal Muscles (forced exhale) |
|
|
Parasympathetic airway drug
|
Muscarine
Carbachol binds muscarinic receptors |
|
|
Parasympathetic airway hormone
|
Ach
binds muscarinic receptors |
|
|
radial traction on airways
|
changes with Volume
causes inverse Resistance |
|
|
Sympathetic airway drug agonist
|
Epinephrine
Isoproterenol Albuterol Binds Beta-2 receptors |
|
|
Sympathetic airway antagonists
|
Propranolol
beta-2 antagonists |
|
|
parasympathetic airway Antagonists
|
Atropine
Muscarinic antagonists |
|
|
What is Transmural pressure
|
pressure on wall of lungs
difference btw alveolar & intrapleural pressure |
|
|
When is Transmural negative
|
Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease
|
|
|
partial pressure of O2 going to lung
|
40
|
|
|
partial pressure of O2 in Alveolar
|
100
|
|
|
partial pressure of CO2 going to lung
|
46
|
|
|
partial pressure of CO2 leaving lung
|
40
|
|
|
Physiological Shunt
|
deoxygenated blood into left ventrical
Bronchial blood flow Coronary venous |
|
|
Fe3+ hemeglobin
|
Methemoglobin
|
|
|
causes of Methemoglobin
|
sulfonamides
Nitrites ethemoglobin reductase deficiency less O2 binding cappacitiy |
|
|
Fetal hemoglobin
|
alpha2, gamma2
less affinity for DPG--> higher O2 binding capacity |
|
|
Partial O2 pressure for 50% saturation
|
25 mm Hg
|
|
|
Partial O2 pressure for 100% saturation
|
100 mm Hg
|
|
|
Causes Hb less affinity for O2 (shifts graph right)
|
Increase Partial CO2 pressure
Increase Temp Increase DPG Increase H+ (less pH) Bohr Effect- Exercise/high Alt Hypoxemia |
|
|
Exercise causes the partial pressure for 50% Hb saturation
|
increase
less affinity for O2 needs more to get 50% saturated |
|
|
CO causes what shift in the Hb saturation curve
|
down & left
decreased capacity (down) higher affinity (left) |
|
|
CO2 in blood
|
Bicarbonate (most)
CO2 in solution Carbaminohemoglobin |
|
|
Medulla breathing centers
|
Inspiratory: dorsal neurons
Expiratory: Ventral neurons |
|
|
Inspiratory Center
|
dorsal neurons of Medulla
spontaneously activates diaphragm in rhythmic fashion |
|
|
Expiratory Center
|
Ventral neurons of medulla
lack of activation of diaphragm |
|
|
Apneustic center
|
lower pons
Prolongs duration of AP from Dorsal medulla neurons (Inspiratory Center) --> Diaphragm |
|
|
These stimulate Inspiratory Center via CN-X
|
peripheral/Central chemoreceptors
Lung Stetch receptors |
|
|
Stimulate Inspriatory Center via CN-IX & CNX
|
Chemoreceptors Centeral & Peripheral
|
|
|
lower pons regulates breathing
|
Apneustic Center
prolonged inspiratory gasps |
|
|
causes prolonged inspiratory gasps
|
Apneustic Center (lower pons)
--> Stimulates Inspiratory center |
|
|
Ventral Medulla
|
Expiratory center
Central Chemoreceptors |
|
|
Inhibits Dorsal neurons in Medulla
|
Pneumotaxic Center (Upper pons)
|
|
|
senses drop in O2 & pH
increase in CO2 |
Carotid Bodies
|
