• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/35

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
define ptosis
An abnormally low position (drooping) of the upper eyelid
ptosis is also called
blepharoptosis
types fo ptosis
Congenital
Acquired
90% of ptosis cases are congenital or acquired
Congenital, and present at birth, and 70% are unilateral
causes of congenital ptosis
irregularity of the levator muscle (mygenic) or abnormalities of the CN 3 superior division (neurogenic).
objective signs for ptosis?
one lid lower., lid in down gaxe will be higher for congenital and equal to the other when it is acquired.
what is marcus gunn syndrome?
anomalous innervation. Aptotic lid elevates with mastication or jaw movement to the opposite side.
types of aquired ptosis are?
neurogenic, myogenic, aponeurotic (structural change in aponeurosis), and mechanical.
An example of acquired neurogenic ptosis?
Horners syndrome. ptosis miosis and anhidrosis. lack of sympathetic innervation. DM or aneurysms of the IC artery.
if a pt presents with motor problems what are the signs?
cranial nerve 3 problems. defective adduction, depression, and elevation.
what is an example of acquired myogenic ptosis? and what are the signs?
Myasthenia gravis. basically a muscle problem. bilateral ptosis. the Pt may have a history of fluctuating ptosis and strabismus.
what is the most common type of aquired ptosis and is it unilateral or bi?
Aponeurotic ptosis and it is usually bilateral.
Acquired mechanical ptosis is caused by what?
excessive weight, like edema tumors or traumatic events such as lacerations effecting nerves or muscles.
what are some examples of pseudoptosis?
other eye is bulging, a prosthetic eye is in place, or dermatochalasis.
what are the values of mild, moderate and severe ptosis in mm.
Mild: 1-2mm
Moderate: 2-3mm
Severe: ≥4mm
Other than amblyopia what could a ptotic eye cause in regaurds to vision?
astigmatism from the compression.
what is the proper way to evaluate the palpebral fissure on a ptotic pt?
use a pd ruler. have them look down and then while holding the frontalis muscle have them look up.
if the movement of the upper lid is equal in the up and down gaze is the levator good or bad in a ptotic Pt.
Good.
If the movement of the upper lid is greater up than down what is typically the problem in a ptotic pt?
typically dystrophic muscle.
what should the total lid elevation be as the pt looks from down gaze to up gaze?
8-14 mm
with a ptotic pt if you want to watch for amblyopia how often should you schedule a follow up?
3-4 months also look for signs of a head turn.
average number of blinks per minute?
15-20
what is blepharoclonus?
increased frequency of blinking, increased closure phase (while lid is closed), caused by irritation and inflammation.
what population is blepharoclonus usually seen in?
children
what is myokymia? what is it caused by?
lid twitch, fasciculation of the orbicularis. stress, tension, lack of sleep, caffeine...
treatment for myokymia?
remove the cause, inject botox, use antihistamines, or quinine (tonic water)
define blepharospasm
Any abnormal tic or twitch of the eyelid bilateral involuntary orbicularis contraction resulting in lid closure. spasmodic, idiopathic.
typical pt that has blepharospasms?
>50, F>M,
Blepharospasm commonly is associated with
dystonic movements of other facial muscles
subjective: changes with long standing blepharospasms include?
eyelid and brow ptosis
Dermatochalasis
Entropion
canthal tendon abnormalities
Early symptoms of blepharospasm include
increased blink rate, eyelid spasms, eye irritation, midfacial or lower facial spasm, brow spasm and eylid tic.
Conditions relieving blepharospasm included
sleep, relaxation, interior gaze, artificial tears, singing, humming.
Differential Diagnoses of blepharospasms
FB, trichiasis, kaeratitis,, meiges syndrome, FACIAL AND EYELID MYOKYMIA, hemifacial spasms, facial tic.
therapy for blepharospasms
reassurance, botox and it would need to be re injected in 3-4 months. last choice would be therapy. it involves removal of the orbicularis.
what is the difference b/t a nodule and a tumor
size. nodule us 5-20 mm
a tumor is >20mm