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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In regards to the main Management options for burns, which of the following plays the least role in mortality outcome ?
A. Antibiotics B. Analgesia C. Vigorous fluid resuscitation D. Early debridement |
B. "Appropriate use of antibiotics "
A + C +D reduce hypovolaemia and sepsis, and hence, mortality . |
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What are the 3 main "zones" of a burn injury ?
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1. Central zone of coagulation
= irreversible cell death 2. Zone of stasis = vasoconstriction + intravascular coagulation 3. Zone of hyperaemia |
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What are the classifications for burns ?
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1. Superficial
2. Partial Thickness a. Superficial b. Deep 3. Full thickness |
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What Clinical signs suggest increased risk of inhalational injury ?
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1. Facial and oral burns
2. Singed nasal hairs 3. Carbonaceous sputum 4. Tachypnoea 5. Wheeze |
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What are the signs of laryngeal oedema in burns patients ?
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1. Hoarseness
2. "brassy" cough 3. Stridor * Indicates need for early intubation |
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Which is correct regarding evaluation of the Burn area assessment ?
A. The infant's head is approximately twice the surface area of an adult. B. The Rule of Nines is best used for Children. C. The Lund and Browder chart is best utilised for Adults. D. The adult front equates to 36 % ( thorax and abdomen) as per the rule of nines. |
A. Infant = 18% Adult - 9%
B = Rule of nines best for adults C = Lund and Browder best for Children - it corrects for "proportional variation at different ages " D. 18 % front and 18% back |
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In regards to the Rule of Nines for burn assessment, which is incorrect ?
A. Head = 9% B. Single lower limb = 18% C. Single upper limb = 18% D. Back = 18% |
C = upper limb = 9%
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In regards to the Lund and Browder chart for burns, which of the following is incorrect ?
A. The infant single lower limb = 18% B. The infant head = 18% C. From age 10 years, the burn area estimation is the same as for an Adult. D.The infant upper limbs are the same as for an adult |
A. 14%
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What are the main priorities of management of the severe burn ?
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1. Stabilisation of airway
2. Treatment of life threatening injuries 3. Oxygen 4. IV fluid resuscitation ( > 20% TBSA) 5. Analgesia ( Parenteral ) 6. Maintain normothermia / prevent hypothermia 7. Tetanus Booster / Immunoglobulin +/- Escharotomy for Circumferential limb burns. Early Consultation / referral to Burns Centre |
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What 4 situations is an increased resuscitation fluid volume (per kg) required ?
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1. Children < 30 kg
2. Delayed resuscitation 3. Inhalational injury 4. High voltage Electrical injuries |
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In regards to Fluid resuscitation in burns, which of the following is incorrect ?
A. The first 8 hours after burn injury is the time of most rapid oedema formation. B. Isotonic saline is the fluid of choice. C. The Parklands formula allows for 10 mL / kg / % TBSA burned over 24 hours. D. Hourly urine measurements plus cardiac monitoring provide parameters that imply adequacy of resuscitation. |
C. 4 mL / kg / % TBSA
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Which of the following is incorrect regarding the Parkland Formula ?
A. Calculation = 4 x weight x % TBSA over 24 hours B. In Children under 40 kg, the total 24 hours fluid volume = maintenance fluid + resuscitation fluid. C. Parameters that imply resuscitation adequacy include urine output of 1-2 mL/kg/Hr in Children. D. 50% of the resuscitation fluid is given between 8 and 24 hours ( 16 hours total). |
B. Children under 30 kg.
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List the typical organisms primarily infecting burns .
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Gra negative bacteria
1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2. Proteus 3. Klebsiella 4. Escherichia coli Gram positive organisms 1. B Haemolytic streptococci 2. Staphylococci Other 1. Candida species |
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What are the dressing options for Superficial burns.
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1. Paraffin-based ointment - Dermeze
or 2. Melaleuca-derived dressing - Burnaid |
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What are the dressing options for Superficial partial thickness burns ?
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( Post cleansing and debriding loose tissue):
1. Silver-impregnated occlusive dressing - Acticoat or 2. Moist, non-adherent dressing - Bactigras |
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What are the criteria for Admission / transfer to Burns Centre ?
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A. Depth and Size
1. Full thickness burns > 5% (any age) 2. Partial Thickness burns - Age under 10 / over 50 : > 10% - > 20% any age group. B. Burns + inhalational injury C. Burns + Medical co-morbidities D. Burns to Special areas - Face / Hands / Feet / perineum / Circumferential E Electrical / Lightning Burns |
