5.12 B) I) Ent Epistaxis

Front 1

Which is incorrect regarding epistaxis?
1. It accounts for 1 in 200 ED visits
2. It is more common in age groups < 10 and > 70
3. Most cases are spontaneous
4. Most cases occur in Winter
5. 6% require Hospitalisation

Back 1

3. Most cases are traumatic

Front 2

In regards to epistaxis, which is incorrect?
1. There is a direct causal correlation between hypertension and

epistaxis.
2. Preparation is the key to successful management of the patient with epistaxis.
3. Cautery will not work on an active bleeding source.
4. Applying petroleum jelly or antibiotic ointment prevents dessication.

Back 2

1. Incorrect

Front 3

List the Tamponade devices that can be used for the control of epistaxis.

Back 3

1. Merocel tampon [ compressed polyvinyl acetate]
2. Rapid Rhino [ gel knit {carboxymethyl cellulose}
covering-promotes platelet aggregation ]
3. Foley catheter 12F
4. Brighton Balloon catheter [ dual balloon tamponading]

Front 4

Complications of anterior nasal packing

devices?

Back 4

1. Blockage of paranasal sinus drainage
2. Blockage of nasolacrimal ducts
3. Infection promotion [ toxic shock syndrome]
4. Ethmoid plate fracture
5. PAIN
6. Dislodgment

Front 5

Complications of posterior nasal packing

devices?

Back 5

1. PAIN
2. Infection
a. Toxic shock syndrome
b. Nasopharyngitis
c. Sinusitis
3. Dysphagia
4. Eustachian tube dysfunction
5. Tissue necrosis
6. Dislodgment [ asphyxiation ; aspiration ]

Front 6

Which is incorrect regarding the management of epistaxis?
1. Posterior packing directly compresses the sphenopalatine artery.
2. Most posterior packs are left in for 72-96 hours.
3. Most anterior packs are left in for 2-5 days.
4. The nasal speculum needs to be used by spreading the supported speculum in a lateral direction

Back 6

4. Spreading occurs in a "inferior-to-superior" direction.

Front 7

Which blood vessels are involved in epistaxis?

Back 7

Anterior

1. Anterior ethmoidal artery

2. Facial artery - nasal alar branches

Posterior

1. Sphenopalatine [ posterior lateral nasal ]

2. Ethmoidal artery [ Septal / lateral nasal ]