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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Branchial Clefts derived from?
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Ectoderm
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What are Branchial Arches derived from?
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Mesoderm
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What are Branchial Pouches derived from?
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Endoderm
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What does the 1st Branchial Cleft create?
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External Auditory Meatus
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What do the 2nd through 4th Branchial Clefts create?
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Temporary cervical sinuses, which are obliterated by proliferation of the 2nd arch mesenchyme
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What happens when the temporary cervical sinus becomes persistent?
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Branchial cleft cyst on the lateral neck
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What does the 1st Branchial Arch create?
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M's
Meckel's cartilage Mandible Malleus, Incus spheno-Mandibular ligament Muscles of Mastication Myelohyoid |
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Which nerves innervate the 1st Branchial Arch?
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CN V2 and V3
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What is Treacher Collins syndrome?
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1st Arch neural crest fails to migrate = mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities
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What does the 2nd Branchial Arch create?
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S's
Stapes Styloid process lesser horn of hyoid Stylohyoid Ligament Stapedius Stylohyoid MM of facial expression |
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Which nerve innervates the 2nd Branchial Arch?
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CN VII
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What does the 3rd Branchial Arch create?
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Greater horn of hyoid
Stylopharyngeus |
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What nerve innervates the 3rd Branchial Arch?
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CN IX
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What is Congenital Pharyngocutaneous Fistula?
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Persistence of cleft and pouch = fistula between tonsillar area, cleft in lateral neck
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What do the 4th-6th Branchial Arches create?
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Neck Structures
Cartilages (thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform) 4th Arch: most pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini 6th Arch: all intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid |
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Which nerves innervate the 4th - 6th Branchial Arches?
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4th: CN X - superior laryngeal branch
6th: CN X - recurrent laryngeal branch |
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What does the 1st Branchial Pouch create?
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Middle ear
Eustacian Tube Mastoid Air cells |
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What does the 2nd Branchial Pouch create?
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Epithelial lining of palatine tonsil
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What does the 3rd Branchial Pouch create?
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Dorsal wings: Inferior Parathyroids
Ventral wings: Thymus |
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What does the 4th Branchial Pouch create?
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Dorsal wing: Superior Parathyroids
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What is DiGeorge syndrome?
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Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th branchial pouches = T cell deficiency and hypocalcemia
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What 3 symptoms are common with MEN 2A?
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Hyperparathyroidism
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma with pheochromocytoma and primary Hyperparathyroidism Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma with Marfan Habitus and digestive neurofibromatosis |
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What is the pathology of cleft lip?
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Failure of fusion of maxillary and medial nasal processes
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What is the pathology of cleft palate?
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Failure of fusion of lateral palatine processes / nasal septum / or median palatine processes
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