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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is best predictor of a patients performance?
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earlier performnace, rather than average age related decline.
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How much % of healthcare is spent on what % of ur life?
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50% $ on last 10% of life.
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what are the vascular changes of aging?
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artery elongation & twisting.
intimal thickening. media fibrosis. |
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what are the heart changes of aging?
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heart valve scelerosis.
decrease rate of cardiac hypertrophy. increased LV thickness. |
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what are the functional cardiac changes of aging?
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1. decreased CO.
2. decreased response to stress. 3. decreased compliance of peripheral blood vessels. |
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what are the pulmonary morphology chances?
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decreased elasticity.
decreased cilia activity. chest wall stiffness. |
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what are the pulmonary function changes?
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decreased vital capacity.
decreased VO2 max. decreased cough reflex. (more prone to infections!) |
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what are the effects of advanced aging on cardiovascular function?
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stiffer everything.
degerenation in conduction system. decreased baro sensitivity. decreasd catecholamine response. increased recovery time. |
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what are the skeletal muscles in changing?
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decreased muscle strength.
decrease in type 2 fibers, and increase in type 1 fibers. more pronounced with eccentric contractions. |
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What are some causes of falls in elderly?
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postural hypotension.
TIA. a bunch of stuff. |
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What is biggest cause of hip fractures?
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over 90% by falling.
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What are cardiac complications of immobility? (3)
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deconditioning.
orthostatic hypotension. vvenous thrombosis & ebolism. |
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What are the pulmonary complications of immobility? (3)
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decreased ventilation.
atelectasis. aspiration pneumonia. |
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What are the chances to elderly exercise response? (6)
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HR response decreases.
SV increases. Ejection fraction decreases. No change in SBP. increased maximal ventilatory responses. |
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Explain diastolic dysfunction in elderly.
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Ventricle doesn't relax as well.
Depend more on atrial contraction instead of LV relaxation to fill. Leads to left atrium enlargement. If A-Fib ensues, more likely to get heart failure. 1st cause of heart failure in elderly. |
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How to decrease HTN in elderly?
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aerobic exrecise.
weight loss. decreased sodium. medications. |
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What to note about beta blockers in elderly?
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Make sure dose is appropriate so that there's appropriate HR response to exercise.
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how does EKG change with aging?
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more PVC.
more A-fib in patinets treated with digoxin. More hypothermia, due to anemia. |
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What are the exercise modifications for the elderly?
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mode: avoid excessive ortho stresses.
intensity: start with low intensity and progress slowly. duration: use shorter bouts and increase frequency. other: strength training is valuable for maintaining and flexibility. |
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what are the effects of sympathetic stimulation on heart and blood vessels?
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+ heart rate.
+ BP. - shunting. |
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what happens when you rise suddenly from bed?
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orthostatic adjustments in baroreceptors to TPR and CO.
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what are the changes at birth?
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1. increase in systemic vascular resistance.
2. decrease in PVR. 3. CO from LV increases. |
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what are the pulmonary changes at birth?
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air replaces fluid in lungs. Increase in blood O2 which drops PVR.
PVR decrease which increase pulmonary blood flow. umbilical blood flow stops. ductus arteriosus closes. |
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how does lung develop start?
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starts at 21 days of gestation.
alveoli appear between 28-32 days. |
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when do lungs mature?
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18 in females.
20 in males. |
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when do infants get full quantity of alveoli?
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4 years
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what is the conductive zone?
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mouth
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what is the repsiratory zone?
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bronchioles and alveolar sacs
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what happens as children age?
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Look at page 489...
Increase everything. Decreased cardiac index. Decreased O2 consumption Decrease RV thickness. |
