Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is released within seconds from mast cells?
|
Histamine
|
|
Immature blood borne phagocyte
|
Monocyte
|
|
Mature phagocyte - in tissue
|
Macrophage
|
|
Monocytes are produced in?
|
Bone marrow
|
|
How long does it take for Macrophages to get to inflammation cite?
|
24 hours
|
|
What cells do macrophages replace at inflammation cite?
|
Neutrophils
|
|
Macrophage activation produces what affects? (4)
|
increased size of plasma membrane, increased glucose metab., increased lysosomes, increased secretory products
|
|
WBC that is primary defense against parasites
|
Eosinophils
|
|
5 WBC types
|
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
|
|
What cells recognize & eliminate cells infected with virus, abnormal host cells, & some cancers?
|
Natural Killer cells
|
|
What has two thumbs and wishes Dr. Walsh would slow down a bit?
|
Look at Buck pointing to himself with both pollical
|
|
What cellular component contributes to clotting
|
Platelets
|
|
Megakaryocytes
|
Fragments of this form platelets
|
|
Process by which cells ingest and dispose of foreign material
|
Phagocytosis
|
|
Primary phagocytic cells
|
Neutrophils & Macrophages
|
|
Produce adhesion molecules
|
Phagocytes
|
|
Process of leukocytes adhering to endothelial cells
|
Margination
|
|
Process of cells emigrating through endothelial junctions
|
Diapedesis
|
|
Steps of phagocytosis (5)
|
1. Opsonizaton, recognition, & adherance, 2. Engulfment, 3. Phagosome formation, 4. fusion with lysosomal granules, 5. Destruction of target
|
|
Cytokine definition
|
the term "cytokine" has been used to refer to the immunomodulating agents, such as interleukins and interferons, small cell signaling proteins
|
|
Cytokines (3)
|
Interleukins & Interferons, also Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha)
|
|
Interferon
|
Cytokine - protects against viral infection
|
|
Interleukins
|
Cytokine - produces by macrophages & lymphocytes in response to patho, can be stimulated by other inflam.
|
|
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
|
Cytokine - secreted by macro. In response to Toll-like receptor recognition, fever through endogenous pyrogens
|
|
Cytokine causing muscle wasting (cachexia) & intervascular thrombosis
|
Tumor Necrosis Factor - alpha
|
|
Family of low molecular weight peptides that induce leukocyte chemotaxis
|
Chemokines
|
|
Chemotaxis
|
The characteristic movement or orientation of an organism or cell along a chemical concentration gradient either toward or away from the chemical stimulus
|
|
movement of cell along chemical gradient
|
chemotaxis
|
|
chemokines
|
produces by several types of cells and promote WBC chemotaxis
|
|
Acute inflammation - local manifestations
|
swelling, pain, heat, redness
|
|
Vascular changes and leakage of circulation components into tissue occur with?
|
Acute Inflamation
|
|
Leaks from injury or wound
|
Exudate
|
|
Thin watery exudate - blister
|
Serous
|
|
Thick and clotted exudate
|
Fibrinous
|
|
Exudate that is accumulation of WBC; common in bacterial infection
|
Purulent or Suppurative
|
|
Exudate with erythrocytes present
|
Hemorrhagic
|
|
Acute inflammation systemic manifestation involving pyrogens
|
Fever
|
|
Fever
|
endogenous pyrogents and exogenous pyrogents (from patho.) act directly on hypothalamus
|
|
What gland is affected by endogenous and exogenous pyrogens? What is result?
|
Hypothalamus, fever
|
|
Acute inflammation systemic manifestation involving increased number of circulating WBC's
|
Leukocytosis
|
|
Leukocytosis is a ________ shift?
|
Left shift: increase in immature cells ("bands") compared to mature cells
|
|
Left shift of WBC's
|
Leukocytosis
|
|
Acute inflammation systemic manifestation involving increased production of proteings
|
Plasma Protein Synthesis
|
|
Plasma Protein Synthesis products (3)
|
C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, plasminogen
|
|
Wound clean-up
|
Debridement
|
|
Types of debridement
|
sharp and enzomatic
|
|
Type of healing involving sealing the wound
|
epithelialization
|
|
Type of healing involving shrinking the wound
|
contraction
|
|
Restores tensile strength to damaged tissue; in scar
|
Collagen
|
|
Injured tissue returns to original structue and function
|
Resolution AKA Regeneration
|
|
Heals under conditions of minimal tissue loss
|
Primary intention
|
|
Healing requires more tissue replacement, e.g. an open wound
|
Secondary intention
|
|
Phase of healing where fibrin clot replaced by normal tissue
|
Reconstructive Phase
|
|
How long before healing reconstructive phase begins
|
3-4 days and continues up to 2 weeks
|
|
Reconstructive phase compnents (6 from ppt slide 43)
|
1. Granulation tissue, 2. Fibroblast proliferation, 3. Collagen synthesis, 4. Epithelialization, 5. Wound contraction, 6. Cellular differentiation
|
|
Maturation phase components
|
1. Continue collagent matrix assembly, 2. Tissue regeneration, 3. Wound contraction, 4. begin post injury process up to 2 years., 5 continual cell differentiation, 6. Avascular scar tissue is remodeled
|
|
What is difference between Reconstructive and Maturation phases of healing?
|
?
|
|
When wound won't heal properly it is?
|
Dysfunctional Wound Healing
|
|
Dysfunctional healing with impaired collagen synthesis
|
Keloid scar
|
|
Keloid scar
|
raised scar extending beyond wound margins; impaired collagen synthesis; likely to reoccur if surgically removed
|
|
Dysfunctional healing with raised area within wound margin - regresses over time
|
hypertrophic scar
|
|
Dysfunctional healing caused by suppressing with anti inflammatory steroid, hypoxemia, radiation or nutritional deficits
|
Impaired epithelialization
|
|
Dehiscence
|
Dysfunctional Wound Healing - wound opens from infection, broken sutures, obesity increases risk
|
|
What type of solution should be used to cleanse wound to promote epithelialization?
|
?
|
|
What conditions in older adults is likely to impair inflammation?
|
Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc . . . (ppt slide 48)
|
|
What population would see healing response diminished due to lower skin regen. Ability?
|
Older adults
|
|
What population has more common infections?
|
Older adults
|