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67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is released within seconds from mast cells?
Histamine
Immature blood borne phagocyte
Monocyte
Mature phagocyte - in tissue
Macrophage
Monocytes are produced in?
Bone marrow
How long does it take for Macrophages to get to inflammation cite?
24 hours
What cells do macrophages replace at inflammation cite?
Neutrophils
Macrophage activation produces what affects? (4)
increased size of plasma membrane, increased glucose metab., increased lysosomes, increased secretory products
WBC that is primary defense against parasites
Eosinophils
5 WBC types
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
What cells recognize & eliminate cells infected with virus, abnormal host cells, & some cancers?
Natural Killer cells
What has two thumbs and wishes Dr. Walsh would slow down a bit?
Look at Buck pointing to himself with both pollical
What cellular component contributes to clotting
Platelets
Megakaryocytes
Fragments of this form platelets
Process by which cells ingest and dispose of foreign material
Phagocytosis
Primary phagocytic cells
Neutrophils & Macrophages
Produce adhesion molecules
Phagocytes
Process of leukocytes adhering to endothelial cells
Margination
Process of cells emigrating through endothelial junctions
Diapedesis
Steps of phagocytosis (5)
1. Opsonizaton, recognition, & adherance, 2. Engulfment, 3. Phagosome formation, 4. fusion with lysosomal granules, 5. Destruction of target
Cytokine definition
the term "cytokine" has been used to refer to the immunomodulating agents, such as interleukins and interferons, small cell signaling proteins
Cytokines (3)
Interleukins & Interferons, also Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha)
Interferon
Cytokine - protects against viral infection
Interleukins
Cytokine - produces by macrophages & lymphocytes in response to patho, can be stimulated by other inflam.
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
Cytokine - secreted by macro. In response to Toll-like receptor recognition, fever through endogenous pyrogens
Cytokine causing muscle wasting (cachexia) & intervascular thrombosis
Tumor Necrosis Factor - alpha
Family of low molecular weight peptides that induce leukocyte chemotaxis
Chemokines
Chemotaxis
The characteristic movement or orientation of an organism or cell along a chemical concentration gradient either toward or away from the chemical stimulus
movement of cell along chemical gradient
chemotaxis
chemokines
produces by several types of cells and promote WBC chemotaxis
Acute inflammation - local manifestations
swelling, pain, heat, redness
Vascular changes and leakage of circulation components into tissue occur with?
Acute Inflamation
Leaks from injury or wound
Exudate
Thin watery exudate - blister
Serous
Thick and clotted exudate
Fibrinous
Exudate that is accumulation of WBC; common in bacterial infection
Purulent or Suppurative
Exudate with erythrocytes present
Hemorrhagic
Acute inflammation systemic manifestation involving pyrogens
Fever
Fever
endogenous pyrogents and exogenous pyrogents (from patho.) act directly on hypothalamus
What gland is affected by endogenous and exogenous pyrogens? What is result?
Hypothalamus, fever
Acute inflammation systemic manifestation involving increased number of circulating WBC's
Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis is a ________ shift?
Left shift: increase in immature cells ("bands") compared to mature cells
Left shift of WBC's
Leukocytosis
Acute inflammation systemic manifestation involving increased production of proteings
Plasma Protein Synthesis
Plasma Protein Synthesis products (3)
C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, plasminogen
Wound clean-up
Debridement
Types of debridement
sharp and enzomatic
Type of healing involving sealing the wound
epithelialization
Type of healing involving shrinking the wound
contraction
Restores tensile strength to damaged tissue; in scar
Collagen
Injured tissue returns to original structue and function
Resolution AKA Regeneration
Heals under conditions of minimal tissue loss
Primary intention
Healing requires more tissue replacement, e.g. an open wound
Secondary intention
Phase of healing where fibrin clot replaced by normal tissue
Reconstructive Phase
How long before healing reconstructive phase begins
3-4 days and continues up to 2 weeks
Reconstructive phase compnents (6 from ppt slide 43)
1. Granulation tissue, 2. Fibroblast proliferation, 3. Collagen synthesis, 4. Epithelialization, 5. Wound contraction, 6. Cellular differentiation
Maturation phase components
1. Continue collagent matrix assembly, 2. Tissue regeneration, 3. Wound contraction, 4. begin post injury process up to 2 years., 5 continual cell differentiation, 6. Avascular scar tissue is remodeled
What is difference between Reconstructive and Maturation phases of healing?
?
When wound won't heal properly it is?
Dysfunctional Wound Healing
Dysfunctional healing with impaired collagen synthesis
Keloid scar
Keloid scar
raised scar extending beyond wound margins; impaired collagen synthesis; likely to reoccur if surgically removed
Dysfunctional healing with raised area within wound margin - regresses over time
hypertrophic scar
Dysfunctional healing caused by suppressing with anti inflammatory steroid, hypoxemia, radiation or nutritional deficits
Impaired epithelialization
Dehiscence
Dysfunctional Wound Healing - wound opens from infection, broken sutures, obesity increases risk
What type of solution should be used to cleanse wound to promote epithelialization?
?
What conditions in older adults is likely to impair inflammation?
Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc . . . (ppt slide 48)
What population would see healing response diminished due to lower skin regen. Ability?
Older adults
What population has more common infections?
Older adults