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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Causes of muscle shortness
(6) |
1 prolonged immobilization
2 posture 3 chronic overuse/activity 4 chronic muscle guarding 5 spasticity 6 lack of stretching |
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Causes of muscle weakness
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UMN lesion - cerebral palsy, CVA, trauma
LMN lesion - encroachment, trauma, entrapment, demyelination disuse wear/avulsion pain inhibition stretch weakness fatigue |
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fundamentals of strength testing
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stabilization
correct positioning application of pressure palpation skill substitution |
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shortness vs weakness on postural faults?
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shortness creates fault
weakness permits fault |
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8 signs of mmuscle weaknses
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1 atrophy
2 postural deviation towarsd weak side 3 gross movement abnormality 4 decrased ability to hold against resistance 5 substitution 6 delayed activation 7 decreased tension during palpation 8 excessive length |
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hallux valgus
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C: AD Hal
W: AB Hal |
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Hammer and claw toes
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C: EDL / EDB
W: FHB, Lumb, DI / PI |
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Low arch
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W: post tib., FDB, FHB, Lum, AB Hal
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Flexible forefoot varus
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S: Tib Ant
W: Fib Lg |
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Pronated Ankle
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S: Fibs, toe extensors
W: Tib Post, long toe flexors, hip lateral rotators |
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Forward inclination of body over ankles
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W: Soleus
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Hyperextended knee
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C: Soleus
W: gastroc, hamstrings, quads |
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Excessively flexed knees
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S: IP, BF(sh), Pop
W: Soleus |
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Patella tilted or glided laterally
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S: TFL
W: VMO, medialis |
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Hip medially rotated
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S: TFL, MR
W: hip LR |
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Greater trochanter anterior to knees and trunk
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S: Hamstrings
W: Ext Obli, single joint hip flexors |
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anterior pelvic tilt with increased lumbar lordosis
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C: IP, TFL, RF, lumbar extensors
W: GMx, Int/Ext Obl, RectAb, Hamstrings |
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Posterior pelvic tilt wih decreased lumbar lordosis
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W: IP, back extensors
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Lateral pelvic tilt with compensatory scoliosis
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W: CL GMd, IL side benders
S: CL hip adductors, IL hip AB, CL side benders |
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protruding abdomen
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W: TV abd
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Increased thoracic kyphosis
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S: Ant LD, Rect Abd, ant fibers of int/ext obliq, intercostals
W: thoracic extensors |
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Forward head:
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S: SCM, upper trap, upper CV/CP extensors, anterior scalenes, lev scap
W: ant neck flexors, thoracic extensors |
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Head rotated left, cervical side bend right (torticollis)
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S: right SCM and cv side benders
W: left SCM and cv side benders |
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Head sidebend right, CV side bend left
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S: right subcranial SB, let vcercical SB
weak: left subcranial SB, right cervical SB |
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winged scapula
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W: SerAnt, mid and lower trap
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Tilted scapula
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S: Pect minor
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Elevated scapula
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S: upper trap, lev scap
W: lower trap, LD |
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Protracted scapula
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S: pect minor, pect major, sre ant
W: mid trap, low trap, rhomboids |
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Downwardly rotated scapula
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S: Pect makjor, LD, rhomboids, Lev scap
W: ser ant, trap |
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Medially rotated scapula
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S: Medial rotators (sub scap, pect major, LD, teres major)
W: Lat rotators (inf spi, teres minor) |
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Contracture effect on ROM
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almost complete loss of ROM
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Shortness effect on ROM
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Partial loss of ROM
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Taut
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stretched fully, not slack, eg hamstrings on stretch with SLR
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Tight
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Palpation finding. Typically refers to short muscle.
Taut muscles may feel tight but actually be long. |
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will a difference of 54-58% strength show up in MMT?
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no
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MMT 5/4/3/2/1 %
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5 > 40%
4 ~ 40% 3 ~ 15% 2 ~ 3-5 % |
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3 clinical characteristics of stretch weakness
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1 weakness in shortened position
2 delayed firing 3 excessive lengths on length test |
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according to Janda, how much shorter are short muscles?
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usually normal!
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how does stretching short muscle affect antagonist?
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strengthens it and uninhibits it
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