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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine glands usually:
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Release small amounts of hormones that stimulate target cells with receptors for the specific hormone.
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Opposing interaction
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Hormone partnership: effect of one hormone opposes the other.
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System for stable blood sugar
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Pancreas releases insulin, reducing glucose concentration by stimulating RBCs to uptake glucose. Glucagon hormone opposes insulin, breaking down glycogen (stored in liver and muscles) into glucose.
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Synergistic interaction
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Combined action of two or more hormones.
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Lactation process
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Ovaries release estrogen, alveoli increase.
Pituitary gland releases prolactin, milk is produced. Hypothalamus releases oxytocin, milk is released. |
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Permissive interaction
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1 hormone primes, the other triggers.
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Preparation for implantation
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Estrogen from ovaries primes endometrium. Progesterone triggers target cells, causing it to thicken.
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Steroid hormones
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Lipids made from cholesterol in adrenal glands above kidneys and reproductive glands. Flow across lipid membranes of cells, directly influence DNA.
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Nonsteroid hormones
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Affect target cells on cell membranes. As when insulin binds to the surface of RBCs.
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Pituitary gland
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Interacts with hypothalamus,
produces oxytocin (for contractions and milk let down), releases antidiuretic hormone (adh) targeting kidney tubules to conserve water, releases Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) activating thyroid, releases Somatotropin (GH) growth hormone promoting growth in young and involved in protein synthesis and cell division. |
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Thyroid gland releases:
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Calcitonin--lowers calcium concentration in blood.
Thyroid hormone (TH)--affects body's overall growth. |
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Parathyroid glands
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Located on the top of thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a main regulator of calcium levels: low calcium levels trigger PTH release, triggering osteoclasts to release calcium from bone, kidney tubules and intestines increase calcium absorption.
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Adrenal glands
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Lie above each kidney. Adrenal cortex, outer part, releases steroid hormone: Glucocorticoids such as cortisol. Adrenal medulla, inner part, releases neurotransmitters such as epinephrine.
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Pineal Gland
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Embedded in the brain, secretes melatonin when light is low or absent, acts on neurons that lower body temp. Influences body clock.
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