#5----Boldface Terms -------------- A & P Chapter 2

Front 1

Abnormally low amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin, due to a lack of iron in the diet. 18, 210

Back 1

iron deficiency anemia

Front 2

One of two or more atoms with the same atomic number that differs in the number of neutrons and, therefore, in weight. 18

Back 2

isotope

Front 3

Group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water---notable, fats, oils, and steroids. 24

Back 3

lipid

Front 4

Simple sugar;a carbohydrate that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. 23

Back 4

monosaccharide

Front 5

Large organic molecule found in the nucleus (DNA and RNA) and cytoplasm (RNA). 29

Back 5

nucleic acid

Front 6

Bond that joins two amino acids. 27

Back 6

peptide bond

Front 7

Measure of the hydrogen ion concentration;any pH below 7 is acidic, and any pH above 7 is basic. 22

Back 7

pH

Front 8

Carbohydrate composed of many bonded glucose units---for example, glycogen. 23

Back 8

polysaccharide

Front 9

Macromolecule composed of amino acids. 25

Back 9

protein

Front 10

Atom whose nucleus undergoes degeneration and in the process gives off radiation. 18

Back 10

radioactive isotope

Front 11

Nucleic acid that helps DNA in protein systhesis. 29

Back 11

ribonucleic acid(RNA)

Front 12

Lipid-solution, biologically active molecules having four interlocking rings;examples are cholesterol, progesterone, and testosterone. 25

Back 12

steroid

Front 13

To build up, such as the combining together of two small molecules to form a larger molecule. 27

Back 13

synthesis

Front 14

Solution in which pH is less than 7;substance that contributes or liberates hydrogen ions in a solution;opposite of base

Back 14

acid

Front 15

Unit of protein that takes its name from the fact that it contains an amino group (---NH2(subscript 2) and an acid group (---COOH).(p 27)

Back 15

amino acid

Front 16

Molecule used by cells when energy is needed. (p 29)

Back 16

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Front 17

Solution in which pH is more than 7;a substance that contributes or liberates hydroxide ions in a solution;alkaline;opposite of acid. 21

Back 17

base

Front 18

Substance or compound that prevents large changes in the pH of a solution. 22, 331

Back 18

buffer

Front 19

Organic compounds with the general formula (CH2O)n[subscript 2 & n], including sugars and glycogen. 23

Back 19

carbohydrates

Front 20

Chemical substance having two or more different elements in fixed ratio. 18

Back 20

compound

Front 21

Chemical change resulting in the covalent bonding of two monomers with the accompanying loss of a water molecule. 23

Back 21

condensation

Front 22

Chemical bond created by the sharing of electrons between atoms. 18

Back 22

covalent bond

Front 23

Excessive accumulation of acids in body fluids. 22,198

Back 23

acidosis

Front 24

Excessive accumulation of bases in body fluids. 22

Back 24

alkalosis

Front 25

Nucleic acid;the genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell. 29

Back 25

deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)

Front 26

Condition characterized by an abnormally large production of urine, due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone. 23, 190

Back 26

diabetes insipidus

Front 27

Condition characterized by a high blood glucose level and the appearance of glucose in the urine, due to a deficiency of insulin. 23, 197

Back 27

diabetes mellitus

Front 28

Sugar that contains two units of a monosaccharide;for example, maltose. 23

Back 28

disaccharide

Front 29

Any substance that ionizes and conducts electricity;electrolytes are present in the body fluids and tissues. 21, 331

Back 29

electrolyte

Front 30

The simplest of substances, consisting of only one type of aton (for example, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen). 17

Back 30

element

Front 31

Protein catalyst that speeds up a specific reaction or a specific type of reaction. 25

Back 31

enzyme

Front 32

Inability to remove cholesterol from the bloodstream;predisposes individual to heart attack. 25

Back 32

familial hypercholesterolemia

Front 33

Organic molecule that the body uses for long-term energy storage. 24, 64

Back 33

fat

Front 34

Molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain and ends with an acid group. 24

Back 34

fatty acid

Front 35

Blood sugar that is broken down in cells to acquire energy for ATP production. 23

Back 35

glucose

Front 36

Three-carbon molecule that joins with fatty acids to form fat. 24

Back 36

glycerol

Front 37

Polysaccharide that is the principal storage compound for sugar in animals. 23

Back 37

glycogen

Front 38

Weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen and a partially negative oxygen or nitrogen some distance away;found in proteins and nucleic acids. 21

Back 38

hydrogen bond

Front 39

Splitting of a bond by the addition of water. 23

Back 39

hydrolysis

Front 40

Elevated blood pressure, particularly the diastolic pressure. 18, 246

Back 40

hypertension

Front 41

A charged atom. 18

Back 41

ion

Front 42

Chemical attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion. 18

Back 42

ionic bond

Front 43

Breaking of a chemical bond such that ions are released. 21

Back 43

ionize