Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
M3 receptors
|
smooth muscle contraction and gland secretion; eg endothelial cells --> EDRF/NO --> dec BP; bronchoconstriction; saliva release; NO effect on HR
|
|
|
|
isoproterenol
|
nonspecific beta agonist
|
|
|
|
hexamethonium
|
nicotinic ganglionic blocker --> blocks peripheral ganglia, prevents baroreceptor response
|
|
|
|
parasympathetic tone in BV
|
absent (muscarinic receptors are not parasympathetically innervated)
|
|
|
|
M2 receptors
|
cardiac tissue: slowed SA depol, decreased conduction vel --> dec HR
|
|
|
|
tx of Varicella (VZV)
|
acyclovir possible, but not as good as it is for HSF. FAMCICLOVIR and VALACYCLOVIR are preferred
|
|
|
|
foscarnet
|
tx CMV retinitis when gancyclovir fails; viral DNA pol inhibitor (pyroFOSphate analog)
|
|
|
|
beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
|
acebutolol, pindilol (not recommended for angina)
|
|
|
|
ACEi effects on K
|
hyperkalemia??
|
|
|
|
metoprolol side effects (2)
|
bradychardia / varying degrees of AV block; dyslipidemia
|
|
|
|
CCBs a/w cardiac block
|
Diltiazem and Verapamil (not felodipine or __________)
|
|
|
|
Triamterene
|
K+ sparing diuretic -- blocks ENaC
|
|
|
|
Anti-hypertensives in pts with Diabetic Nephopathy?
|
ACEi, eg. Captopril
|
|
|
|
minoxidil
|
direct vasodilator; profound s/e: hypertrichosis (exceess hair), pericardial effusion, tachycardia, angina --> rarely used as initial tx for HTN
|
|
|
|
epinephrine reversal
|
epi (large doses) causes vasoconstriction --> inc BP; if anti-alpha agent administered (eg phentolamine), only beta effects left --> vasodilation --> *decreased* BP
|
|
|
|
antihypertensive in adult polycystic kidney disease
|
ACEi; hypretension usu caused by decreased glomerular perfusion --> RAA;
|
|
|
|
drug to decrease conduction rate thru AV node
|
digoxin; used to tx afib, aflutter, and CHF; indirect vagomimetic action (??)
|
|
|
|
lidocaine in arrythmias
|
class IB anti-arrythmic; used to tx ventricular arrythmias
|
|
|
|
atropine's cardiac conduction effects
|
increases conduction thru AV node (anticholinergic) --> used for AV block
|
|
|
|
procainamide
|
class IA anti-arrythmic; both supraventricular and ventricular arrythmias
|
None
|
|
|
Quinidine
|
afib/flutter, but exerts indirect anticholinergic effect --> decrease vagal tone --> increase AV conduction
|
|
|
|
1st tx in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
|
beta-blockers --> prevent dyspnea, angina, arrythmias; CCBs also useful
|
|
|
|
tx for HACEK endocarditis
|
ceftriaxone (haemophilus, actinobacillus, cardiobacterium, elkenella, kingella kingae)
|
|
|
|
clinical signs of infective endocarditis
|
OSLER nodules (purplish/red subq nodules on fingers/toes); JANEWAY lesions (hemorrhagic painless plaques on palms/soles); PETECHIAE; SPLINTER hemorrhages
|
|
|
|
Alprostadil
|
PGE1 analog (like misoprostol), used to maintain PDA
|
|
|
|
atropine's effects on blood pressure
|
NO EFFECT; atropine blocks muscaranic receptors, but BV have no vagal tone (muscarinic receptors are not innervated); atropine will increase HR (blocks M2 receptors in SA node)
|
|
|
|
which tetracycline is bad for pregnancy
|
doxycycline ('dox bad for the (baby in the) box')
|
|
|
|
S3
|
dilated CHF ('plop as blood fills into blood-filled chamber'?)
|
|
|
|
S4
|
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (atrial kick into thickened heart)
|
|
|
|
nitroprusside use, s/e
|
vasodilator, used for HTN; can cause cyanide toxicity (releases CN)
|
|
|
|
methyldopa use, s/e
|
sympathoplegic used for HTN; can result in positive Coombs test
|
|
|
|
reserpine mech, use, s/e
|
mech: blocks VMAT, depletes NE; use: HTN; s/e: sedation, depression
|
|
|
|
hydralazine mech, use, s/e
|
MECH: vasodilator (decreases afterload); USE: HTN and CHF; S/E: lupus-like syndrome
|
|
|
|
CCBs, targets of action, tox
|
Nifedipine (vasculature); Verapamil/Diltiazem (heart); TOX: flushing, constipation, cardiac depression, edema
|
None
|
|
|
captopril s/e
|
CAPTOPRIL (Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste Changes from electrolyte shifts, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems, Rash, Increased K/Renin, Lower ATII)
|
|
|
|
Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate: mech, use s/e
|
mech: NO --> cGMP -> VENODILATE, dec preload; s/e: "Monday disease" -- tolearnce develops over week, lost over weekend --> tachycardia, hypotension, headache
|
|
|
|
digoxin/digitalis toxicity
|
arrhythmia (AV block?), changes in color vision (think Van Gogh)
|
|
|
|
what potentiates digoxin/digitalis tox? (3)
|
1) renal disease: impaires excretion; 2) hypokalemia: potentiates action; 3) quinidine: displaces digoxin from tissue binding sites, decreases clearance
|
|
|
|
1' tx of lung abscess in alcoholic
|
clindamycin (cover anaerobes)
|
|
|
|
tx of choice for paroxysmal SVT
|
adenosine (rapid acting, slows conduction thru AV node)
|
|
|
|
uses of amiodarone
|
"broad spectrum anti-arrhtymic:" SVT and PSVT
|
|
|
|
uses of lidocaine
|
ventricular arrhythmias
|
|
|
|
drug of choice for mucor and its toxicity
|
Amphotericin B; tox: RENAL -- hypoK, hypoMG --> can casue arrhythmias
|
|
|
|
amphotericin B tox
|
renal damage --> electrolyte imbalanace
|
|
|
|
milrinone: class, mechanism
|
inodilator; PDE III inhibitor --> increased cAMP --> vasodilation + positive inotropy
|
|
|
|
cause of angioedema in ACEi
|
increased levels of bradykinin --> itchy swelling of face and hands
|
|
|
|
most common side effect of nitrates (nitroglycerine and isosorbide)
|
throbbing headaches (because of vasodilation)
|
|
|
|
treatment for nephrogenic DI
|
HCTZ
|
|
|
|
most use-dependent subclass of Class I anti-arrhythmics
|
Class IB: lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide
|
|
|
|
s/e of verapamil
|
flushing, constipation, av block (CCBs are anti-arrhythmic because they slow conduction)
|
|
|
|
diuretics with mortality benefits
|
ACEi, spironolactone
|
|
|
|
amiodarone tox
|
"check LFTs, PFTs, TFTs": hepatotox, pulm fibrosis, hyper- or hypothyroidism, photosensitivity, NO TPD (for some reason, minimal TPD risk even tho QT interval is prolonged)
|
|
|
|
foscarnet use/tox
|
use: CMV retinitis not treatable by gancyclovir; tox: hypoCa/hypoMg (foscarnet is a pyrophosphate --> chelates cations)
|
|
|
|
gancyclovir tox
|
neutropenia
|
|
|
|
s/e of protease inhibitors
|
fat redistribution, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia
|
|
|
|
potassium levels in digoxin tox
|
elevated (causes hyperkalemia)
|
|
|
|
use of thiazides vs ACEi
|
Thiazides are first line for essential hypertension in absence of CHF / diabetes. If CHF or diabetes, give ACEi (mortality benefit and nephroprotective)
|
|
|
|
potassium effects of ACEi/HCTZ
|
ACEi retain potassium, HCTZ waste potassium
|
|
|
|
which part of action potential does QRS correspond to?
|
"phase 0," i.e. NA influx (depolarization)
|
|
|
|
sulfa-derived diuretics
|
acetazolamide, furosemide (NOT ethacrynic acid), HCTZ
|
|
|
|
indications for mannitol
|
increased intracranial pressure, shock, drug OD
|
|
|
|
contraindications for mannitol
|
anuria, CHF (can rapidly pull water out of cells --> pulmonary edema, exacerbating CHF)
|
|
|
|
indications for acetazolamide
|
glaucoma, need for urinary alkalinization (eg secrete weak acids like salicylate tox), metabolic acidosis
|
|
|
|
furosemide toxicity
|
ototox and nephrotox (like aminoglycosides and cilastin); also: hypokalemia, gout, sulfa allergy, dehydration
|
|
|
|
ethacrynic acid
|
like furosemide minus the sulfa tox
|
|
|
|
HCTZ use
|
idiopathic hypercalciuria (stones risk), nephrogenic DI, HTN, CHF (though prefer ACEi in CHF)
|
|
|
|
HCTZ tox
|
hyperGLUC (glucose, lipids, uricemia, calcemia), sulfatox
|
|
|
|
cyclosporine tox and prevention
|
predispose to viral infec/lymphoma; nephrotoxicity (preventable by mannitol diuresis)
|
|
|
|
Name the nitrosourea ending and the exception
|
"-mustin" (carmustine, lomustine, semustine) and Streptozocin
|
None
|
|
|
cyclosporine vs tacrolimus (FK506)
|
both inhibit calcineurin, both used for organ transplant, both cause nephrotocity; cyclosporine predisposes to lymphoma/viral infections, tacrolimus causes peripheral neuropathy, pleural effusions, and hyperglycemia
|
|
|
|
AZA use, tox, what drug precipitates
|
USE: kidney transplant, AI disorders (GN, hemolytic anemia; TOX: bone marrow suppression; precipitated by allopurinol (prevents breakdown of active metabolite 6-MP)
|
|
|
|
Aldesleukin
|
IL-2, used for RCC and metastatic melanoma
|
|
|
|
gamma interferon used to tx
|
chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
|
|
|
|
Oprelvekin
|
IL-11; tx thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
|
Tx for RA
|
3 prong: Anti-Inflammatories (Salicylates, NSAIDs), Bridging therapies (Corticosteroids), and DMARDs [Methotrexate (anti-metabolite, --| purine synth), Etanercept/Infliximab/adalimumab (anti-TNFalpha), sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine]
|
|
|
|
Acute tx for gout
|
NSAIDs (eg indomethacin), followed by colchicine; corticosteroids often added for immediate symptomatic relief, or if NSAIDS/colchicine contraindicated (eg renal failure)
|
|
|
|
Chronic tx for gout
|
Uricosuric agents (eg probenecid), Allopurinol
|
|
|
|
Methotrexate tox
|
Stomatitis, hepatotox (macrovesicular fatty change)
|
None
|
|
|
digoxin vs digitalis
|
digoxin: renal clearance, shorter halflife; digitalis: hepatic clearance, longer half life (longer name)
|
|
|
|
muscle weakness and cramping suggests
|
hypokalemia
|
|
|
|
Tetracycline in pregnancy can cause what
|
growth retardation and discolored teeth (because of cation chelation, specifically calcium)
|
|
|
|
bumetanide
|
loop diuretic like furosemide
|
|
|
|
toxicity of herpes treatments (3 tx)
|
foscarnet + IV acylovir: nephrotox + neurotox (seizures, delirium); gancyclovir: nephrotox + neurotox + BM-tox
|
|
|
|
tx of lyme dz
|
penicillin type Abx, esp ceftriaxone or doxycycline
|
|
