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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ohenalzine is what?
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nonspecific MAO
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NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine can cause
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hypersalivation
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stylopharyngeus muscle supplied by
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9outta the jugular foramen
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afferent limb of the gag reflex
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9
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pinprick to the perianal area dont cause contraction of anal sphincter whats wrong?
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cauda equina syndrome caused by a saddle lesion of s2-s4
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in adults spinal cord terminates in a tapering fashion at he
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L2 conus medularis
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inhibitor of gaba uptake
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tiagabine
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topirmate works by
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blocking sodium channels and enhancing the effect of gaba
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vigabatrin works by
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inhibiting gaba trnasam
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newer anticonculsant for ial seizures
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lamotrigine but stop when u see a rash
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dihydrpterin reductase is involved in what
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remaking BH4 so BH4 can donate to phenylalanine and make tyrosine
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homogentisate is made from
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tyrosine
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excess phenylalanine ihibits
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tyrosinase in PKU causing albinism
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a positive straight leg raise is due to?
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L4-S3 sciatic nerve irritation
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what is the pathophys of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?
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caused by a certain type of the paramyxo measles that is missing an M antigen and is unabled to be totally cleared after initial infection, the virus persists in the CNS causing inflammation, demyelination and gliosis in many areas of the cerebrum resulting in clinical symptoms of dementia in children...high titers of Abs to measles are found in the serum in this disease...
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primidone is an antiepileptic metabolized into
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phenobarbitol and PEMA
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urinary outlet obstruction aka
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BPH
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inhibition of NE and S reuptake
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TCAs
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opiods block urinary voiding reflexes and also increase sphincter tone and bladder volume this results in an
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antidiuretic effect and urinary retention
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VHL diseases?
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rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by capillary hemangioblastomas in the RETINA AND CEREBELLUM as well as congenital cysts and neoplasms in the kidney, pancreas and liver
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sturge weber syndrome aka
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encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by cutaneous facial angiomas as well as leptomeningeal angiomas. Skin invovlement typically overlies vi and v2 this syndrome is associated with MR, seizures, hemiplegia and skullradioopacities skull radiographs may show tramtrack calcifications
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tramtrack calcifications in the skull
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sturge weber aka encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis
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cns manifestations of tuberous sclerosis
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cortical and subependymal hamartomas
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tuberous sclerosis is
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autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by cutaneous angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum) visceral cysts and renal angiomyolipomas as well as cardiac rhabdomyomas clinically seizures are a major complication
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what is osler webler rendu?
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hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia an autosomal dominant disorder where these basterds rupture and cause gi hemorrhage, hematuria and epistaxis
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long acting benzo for insomnia
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florazopam
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short acting benzo hypnotic
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triazolam
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what gaba receptor does zolpidem bine (not fo long term use)
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GABA A just like the fucking benzos
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cultured fibroblasts of an infant with hypotonia and seizures cannot oxidize VLCFA whats the problem
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could be zellweger where babies cant make elin due to peroxisime def. or refsums where peroxisomal alpha oxidation is defective leading to accumulation of phytanic acid
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when the brain is saturated an anesthetic
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the partial pressure of the gas in the brain is equal to the partialressure tmenother compartments
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the blood to gas/partition coefficient corresponds to
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the solubility of the anesthetic in blood, highly soluble gases have a high blood gas/partition coefficient and a slow onset of action
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steepness of the arterial tension curve depends on the solubility of anesthetic in blood in less soluble gases ...
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the partial pressure in blood rises rapidly and the curve is steep
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cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes
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PML
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describe the genetics of malignant hyperthermia (halaothane)
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thought to be autosomal dominnant involving overactive ryanodine receptors on the SR which normally release small amounts of calcium in response to contraction
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jg cells release renin in response to
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beta-1 stim
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the midsystolic click at the apex (MVP) may go away
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upon squating which increases venous return and PVR
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the development of the abdominal wall depends on
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the fusion of four folds: cepphalic, two lateral and one caudal:
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failure of fusion of the cephalic fold
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sternal defects
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failure of fusion of the caudal fold
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bladder extrophy: a large opening between the bladder and the outside boddy, causing adenocarcinoma and persistent utis
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defective fusion of the two lateral folds
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omphalocele
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vaginal adenosis is what?
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replacement of the vaginal squamous epithelium with glandular columnar epithelium it occurs in the children of women exposed to DES
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precursur to adenocarcinoma of the vajayjay
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vaginal adenosis
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fever and sweating every 48 hours
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vivax and ovale
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unique because they form latent infection in the liver
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vivax and ovale
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most serious adverse effect of chloroquine
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retinopathy
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not active against erythrocytic infection
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primaquine
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QT prolongation predisposes to
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torsaide de pointes a specific type of vtach
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seen in transmural MI
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ST elevation
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used to determine if the means of two different populations are equal
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t-test
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similar to the t-test which is used to determine if two populations' means are equal but this test can be used for more than two populations
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anova
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what does the chi-square test do?
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evaluates statistical significance determining wether the expected frequency is consistent with the observed frequency...the chi square test is most appropriate for use with categorical data and proportionsa
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apical holosystolic murmur radioating to the apex
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mitral regurge
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skin and mucosal telangiectasias as well as recurrent nose bleeds
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osler weber rendu AD
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fsh increases postmenopause because of
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loss of negative feedback by estrogen
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LH levels are less specific for menopause because
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while LH levels do rise in menopause they rise much later than fsh
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hook of the hamate
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where the ulnar nerve is commonly injured
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where the ulnar nerve is commonly injured
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hook of the hamate
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the ulnar nerve supplies sensor innervation to
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the fith digit and the medial half of the 4th digit
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innervates all of the palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles
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the ulnar
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surgical neck of the humerus fracture
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axillary nerve injury leading to paralysis of the deltoid and teres minor muscles as well as loss of sensation to the lateral upper armm
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what does aldolase B do?
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takes fructose-1-p and makes it DHAP and Glyceraldehyde-3-P
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the cause of the lifethreatening disorder of hereditary fructose intolerance
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aldolase B deficiency manifesting in vomiting hypoglycemia large liver and cirrhosis because similar features present with galactosemia and tyrosinemia dx is made by genetic testing
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what does alpha-KGDH in the TCA do
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converts alpha-KG to succCoA with the help of thiamine
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rare but very serious complication of antithyroid drugs such as methimazole and propylthiouraci
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agranulocytosis
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what is the difference between PTU and methimazole
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PTU also decreases the peripheral conversion of t4 to t3
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drugs with intrinsic hepatic clearance tend to have
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high lipophillicity and a high volume of distribution
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decreases the activity of myosin light chain kinase, intracellular calcium levels and results in dephosphorylation of myosin light chains
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NO which increases cGMP and leads to allt his stuff
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major lasting hemodynamic compensation to the volume overload of aortic regurge
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an increase in LV preload in association with eccentric LV hypertrophy is the major lasting hemodynamic compensation
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why is it that medical stabilization of patients with severe acute AR may include administration of a vasodilator (nitroprusside) in addtion to a positive ionotrope
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the vasodilator decreases afterload in order to improve fsv
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new myocardial sarcomeres in parallel describes
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concentric hypertrophy
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