5/20 Mountain Building

Front 1

Most mountains were created from _______ _______ that elevate, fold, and fault rockmaterials

Back 1

tectonic forces

Front 2

Tectonic mountains can occur as a ______ _____(the Urals) or as a ____ ofseveral mountain ranges (North American Cordillera).

Back 2

single range, belt

Front 3

______ (Greek for "mountain generating") is the process of natural mountain building

Back 3

Orogeny

Front 4

involved in Orogeny is a variety of processes including:

Back 4

Deposition

Deformation

Folding and thrust-faulting

Metamorphism

Granitic batholiths

Volcanic Activity

Oceanic Trenches

Front 5

Where a dikebreaches the surface, a ______ ________ occurs.

Back 5

fissure eruption

Front 6

_______ and flat-topped highs on theflanks of the axial volcanic ridge are fed by lava tubes from the summit of the Mid-Ocean Ridge.

Back 6

Seamounts

Front 7

Orogeny ______ and _______ the crust, and ________ causes the thicker crust to rise.

Back 7

shortens and thickens, isostasy

Front 8

Materials, when compressed from one direction, tend to expand in the direction of ______resistance.

Back 8

least

Front 9

Layered rocks shorten by _______, but the stack of layers also becomes thicker

Back 9

folding

Front 10

________ - _________ thickens the crust by stacking slices of crust atop one another.

Back 10

Thrust-faulting

Front 11

_______ add volume to the crust

Back 11

Intrusions

Front 12

A great deal of magma never invades the crust but accumulates at its base, a process called _______.

Back 12

underplating

Front 13

Where the crust is heated, ______ _______ causes the rocks to become lighter and more buoyant

Back 13

thermal expansion

Front 14

We can divide an orogenic belt intoparallel zones defined by their...

Back 14

deformation, lithology, or metamorphism.

Front 15

What zone is being described here?

Sediment eroded from the orogenic belt accumulates in the trench and is intensely deformed asthe plates converge. Like the wedge of earth ahead of a bulldozer, the sediment thickens until itis capable of resisting further deformation.

Back 15

Accretionary Prism (Zone of Deposition)

Front 16

This isthe belt of greatest deformation, metamorphism and igneous activity

Back 16

Igneous Ac

Front 17

Here, metamorphism is mild but compression of the crust results in folding and thrust-faulting.

Back 17

Foreland

Front 18

Folding and thrust-faulting. Oftenthis deformation is "thin-skinned", meaning that rock layers near the surface become detached fromdeeper layers much the way a carpet wrinkles when a piece of furniture is pushed over it. Thisprocess is called ________. Usually the layer where separation occurs is made up of weak rockslike salt, gypsum, or shale

Back 18

decollement.

Front 19

_________ ________ shortens the distanceparallel to the stress. Rocks fold orfracture to accommodate the shortening.

Back 19

Compressive stress

Front 20

Five common types of folds are..

Back 20

Syncline (Fold arching downwards), Anticline, (Fold arching upwards) Assymmetric anticline, Overturned anticline (a fold has tilted beyond the perpendicular) , recumbent folds

Front 21

A circular or elliptical anticline structure is called a_____. A similarly shaped syncline is called a _______.

Back 21

dome, basin

Front 22

A ____ is a fracture along which rockon one side has moved relative torock on the other side.

Back 22

fault

Front 23

________ ____ _______ commonlyform where tectonic forcesstretch the crust over a broadarea.

Back 23

Horsts and grabens

Front 24

This is the stable interior of the continent. It may be thinly mantled with sedimentary rocks orhave large areas of ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Back 24

Craton