Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
angiogenesis growth factors |
FGF and VEGF |
|
|
N atoms in urea are derived from? |
ammonia and aspartate (the carbon from CO2) |
|
|
unusual feature of chlamydia |
lacks peptidoglycan within cell wall (thus B lactams are ineffective) |
|
|
pulsatile vs nonpulsatile GnRH |
pulsatile= causes stimulation of LH/FSH (used in infertility treatment) continuous: causes downregulation of GnRH receptors, thus decreasing LH/FSH levels (eg used for endometriosis, precocious puberty) |
|
|
acetyl CoA carboxylase vs dehydrogenase |
acetyl CoA carboxylase for FA synth acetyl CoA dehydrogenase for ketone production |
|
|
meds w/ antimuscarinic fx |
atropine TCAs H1 antagonists neuroleptics parkinson drugs |
|
|
support vs empathy |
support: "you are angry right now. Many people in your situation feel angry" empathy: conveys physician understanding, eg "I can see why you feel angry" |
|
|
altruism sublimation reaction formation |
altruism: helping others to alleviate feelings of guilt and low self esteem (eg mafia boss makes donation to charity)
sublimation: channeling unacceptable impulses into productive activity (eg aggression towards father is channeled into sports)
reaction formation: excessive opposite reaction (woman w/ excessive sexual desires enters nunnery ) (emphasis on opposite, vs. sublimation which is same impulse but appropriately channeled. eg maybe the woman becomes a sex therapist) |
|
|
Rett disorder? gene assoc? |
X linked. Boys die so just seen in female young children: regression, ataxia, hand-wringing MECP2 gene |
|
|
dissociative identity disorder vs depersonalization/derealization disorder |
dissociative identity disorder multiple personalities. often assoc. w/ sexual abuse or PTSD. Usually unconscious of it. depersonalization/derealization disorder. "feels like an alien abduction." person usually conscious of it. |
|
|
manic episode vs hypomanic |
DIGFAST requires hospitalization or >3 of these lasting >1wk distractible indiscretion grandiosity flight of ideas agitation decreased Sleep talkative hypomanic has minimal impairment in functioning and lasts greater than 4 days |
|
|
Bipolar I vs II |
I is defined by >1 manic episode ("one thing for I") with or w/o hypomania or depression. So, if there is mania then it is bipolar I. II is defined by hypomanic episode and a depressive episode. ("2 things for II") antidepressants can cause increased mania! |
|
|
cyclothymic disorder vs dysthymia |
dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder): mild depression >2yrs, no physical symptoms cyclothymic disorder: dysthymia and hypomania >2yrs |
|
|
sleep changes in depression |
increased REM decreased slow wave sleep increased awakenings |
|
|
antidote for arsenic |
dimercaprol (narrow therapeutic index: can cause nephrotox and hyperten) |
|
|
pentazocine |
weak opioid agonist/antagonist at mu receptors that can cause withdrawl in opioid dependent patients |
|
|
cofactor for dALA synthase |
PLP (vit B6) |
|
|
receptor tyrosine kinase vs receptor tyrosine kinase ASSOCIATED |
tyrosine kinase: cytoplasmic domain has enzymatic activity, signaling is via MAP kinase Ras pathway. examples are growth factors and insulin tyrosine kinase associated receptor does NOT have enzymatic activity, and used JAK-STAT pathway. examples are cytokines (eg IL2), growth hormone, and prolactin |
|
|
most common cause of death in TCA overdose |
cardiac arrythmias due to Na channel antagonism. Tmt w/ saline and sodium bicarb. |
|
|
1st gen antihistamines vs 2nd gen |
hydroxizine, promethazine, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine (more drowsiness and antimuscarinic fx) 2nd gens end in -dine like loratadine and fexofenadine |
|
|
short acting benzo |
triazolam ("someone who works in the ER triaging doesn't want daytime sleepyness so they use a short acting") |
|
|
keratin vimentin desmin gfap neurofilament |
intermediate filaments keratin: epithelium (carcinoma) vimentin: mesenchyme (sarcoma) desmin: muscle gfap: neuroglia neurofilament: neurons |
|
|
chromogranin |
neuroendocrine cells (eg carcinoid tumor, small cell lung CA) |
|
|
s100 |
neural crest (eg. melanoma, schwannoma) Langerhans cells |
