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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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vimentin marker used to dx |
sarcomas (intermediate filament in mysenchymal tissue=vimentin) |
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AFP levels in Down syndrome |
decreased |
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BH4 cofactor for... |
"Phil Trypped on Tyres" hydroxylase rxns: Phe to Tyrosine Tyrosine to LDopa NO synthase Tryptophan to Serotonin |
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breast milk deficient in |
vit. D (given as supplement) vit. K (given as neonatal injection one-time) "breastfeeding? give your KiD vit K and D" |
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late vs early onset Alz. dz associated genes |
early: presenillin 1 and 2, APP on chrom21 late: apoE4 |
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live viral vaccines |
"Live! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with MMR and Sabin! It's Incredible!" smallpox yellow fever chickenpox (VSV) MMR Sabin polio Intranasal influenza |
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+ stranded RNA |
"I went to a retro toga party where I drank flavored corona and ate hippy california pickles" retrovirus togavirus flavivirus coronavirus hep E virus calicivirus picornavirus |
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atresia distal to duodenum is caused by? |
vascular occlusion in utero. Necrosis of a segment of bowel can cause loss of that segment and resulting atresia. Classic ex is occlusion of SMA, which leads to "apple peel ileum" spiraled around ileocecal vessel |
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does infection inc or dec blood glucose? |
increases glucose via increased epinephrine |
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mechanisms of disinfectants: alcohol chlorhexidine formaldehyde peroxide iodine |
alcohol: disruption of membranes and protein denaturation chlorhexidine: disruption of membranes formaldehyde: DNA cross linking peroxide: free radical generation (sporicidal) iodine: halogination (sporicidal) |
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immunity against candida |
Tcell against superficial invasion (think esophagitis and vulvovaginitis in HIV pts) PMNs for systemic infection (think hematogenous spread in CGD) |
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two important anti-inflammatory cytokines |
TGFbeta and IL-10 |
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strep A virulence factors: hyaluronate M protein |
hyaluronate is capsule (not antigenic bc we have hyaluronate in our connective tissue) M protein is main virulence factor and is antiphagocytic and anti compliment activation. Target of type specific humoral immunity. |
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MOA of -cyclovir drugs |
nucleosides that must be phosphorylated by viral kinase enzymes and then inhibit DNA polymerase. Viral resistance develops when virus loses viral kinase genes. In this case, use foscarnet or cidofovir (don't require viral kinase) |
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signs of constrictive pericarditis |
"Konstrictive" pericarditis has Kussmaul sign (increased venous distention on inhalation) and pericardial Knock (a bit earlier than S3, ie NOT S3) |
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tc99m pertechnate scan can be used to dx |
Meckel's diverticulum (specifically ectopic gastric mucosa) |
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meckel's diverticulum due to ? |
failure of obliteration of the oomphalomesenteric duct (aka vitelline duct, aka yolk stalk) |
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chronic lymphedema is a risk factor for |
angiosarcoma (firm violaceous nodules) |
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recognize stop codons and cause dissociation of the mRNA and ribosome complex |
releasing factors |
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ambigous genitalia in female fetus AND virilization in mother |
aromatase deficiency |
