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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Birth:
Describe what to do once baby pops out? (name 5) |
1.suction mucus from airway
2. clamp & cut cord 3. don't yank the placenta out, it should follow momentarily 4. give baby to mom for warmth 5. abnormalities |
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Infants:
Diarrhea d/t? (name 5) |
infxn
gluten-induced enteropathy cystic fibrosis sugar malabsorption allergic gastroenteropathy |
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Infants:
Colic - what is it? |
colic is intestinal cramping & manifests as infant abd pain & irritability.
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Infants:
Colic - what tests would you do? |
Tests include PE, UA, CBC, & examining the mother's diet.
Skowron said it is usu d/t formula or allergens in mom's diet |
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Infants:
Constipation - what would that be d/t? |
a neural smooth muscle condition or dairy
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Sudden Infant Death Syn:
SIDS: 30% occurs at what ages while children are? |
most often to kids between 2 weeks & 1 year while children are sleep
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SIDS:
Incidence has increased or decreased?,& this ironically corresponds with what? |
incidence has increased, demonstratably
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SIDS:
What does it mean to be a "dx of exclusion"? |
this means your ddx has exhausted known routes of origin and this term is given by default
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Congenital Heart Dz:
Atrial Septal Defect- What is it and where? |
hole between RA & LA
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Congenital Heart Dz:
Atrial Septal Defect- Presents as? |
murmur when x>1 y/o, diastolic
results in dilation of RA & RV |
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Congenital Heart Dz:
Ventricular Septal Defect- What is it & where? |
hole in the septum between the RV & LV
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Congenital Heart Dz:
Ventricular Septal Defect- Results in? (name 4) |
1. loud pansystolic murmur
2. early from 2 weeks on 3. cardiomegaly as RV hypertrophies d/t increase in blood 4. forces thickening of pulmonary aa. walls |
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Tetralogy of Fallot:
Presents as? (name 5) |
1. pulmonary valve stenosis
2. ventricular septal defect 3. aorta over septum so it gets blood from BOTH VENTS 4. RV hypertrophy 5. cyanosis, murmurs from birth, respitory arrest, requires immediate surgery |
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
What is it? Who is it frequent urine |
failure of pulmonary aa & aorta to close, frequent in preemies, sx = bounding pulse, systolic or continuous murmur
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Hirschsprung's Dz:
What is it? |
congenital megacolon d/t
absence of Meissner's & Auerbach's autonomic plexes which instruct the bowel & distal colon with absent peristalsis |
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Hirschsprung's Dz:
Presents as: (name 6) |
1. smooth muscle spasm
2. accumulation of bowel contents 3. constipation 4. distention 5. vommitting MEGACOLON 6. DEHYDRATION b/c body is dumping electrolytes into the interstitum |
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Toxic Megacolitis:
What is it? (Name 4) |
1. toxic megacolon
2. from chronic constipation or Hirschsprung's 3. overgrowth of bacteria in distal colon 4. water dumping into the colon causing electrolyte levels |
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Cleft lip/Palate
What is it? |
one of the most common birth defect: incomplete fusion of soft palate and/or lip
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Cleft lip/Palate
incident rate? |
1:700~1:800 births
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Cleft lip/palate
possible cause? |
Bensodiazepenes during prgnancy
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Hydocephalus
What is it? |
Brain ventricular enlargement w/excessive CSF
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Hydocephalus -
most common cause of? |
large head in newborns
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Hydrocephalus
Tx? |
placing a mechanical shunting device into the baby's head to help drain the extra CSF from brain surgically
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Spina bifida
What is it? |
neural tube defects - defective closure of vertebral column - low thoracic, lumbar, or sacral 3-6 vertebral segs
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Spina bifida
what can cause this? |
form mother's folic acid deficiency
-since neural tube formed by 1st 4wk, folic acid should be taken b/f |
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Spina bifida can cause?
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meningitis and paralysis
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Cryptorchidism
What is it? |
absence from the scrotum of one or both testes - undescended testes - incompletes descent of one or both but normal hormones
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Crytorchidism
if not surgically corrected? |
-lead to failure of spermatogenesis
-higher risk of testicular cancer |
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Down syndrome
What is it? |
disorder that includes a comination of birth defects:
-mental retardation -characteristic facial features |
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Down syndrome
what causes it? |
Trisomy 21, chromosomal disorder
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Down syndrome
Signs and symptoms? |
-babies placid
-rarely cry -muscle hypotonia -extra neck skin -physical and mental development is low -congenital heart issues -thyroid issues -gluten issues |
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Failure to thrive
What is it? |
acute/chronic disorder interfering with:
-nutrient intake -absorption -metabolism -excretion |
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Failure to Thrive
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weight below 3rd percentile
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Failure to Thrive
identify from what? |
ex) cleft lip
GERD celiac Cystic fibrosis fructose intolerance DM proteinuria hyperthyroid environmental neglect inadequate breast milk apathetic |
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APGAR
What is it? |
assessment of the newborn rating;
-color -HR -stimulus response -muscle tone -respiration on a scale of 0~2 Max score: 10 this test performed twice, 1st at one minute and then again at 5min after birth |
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APGAR
1. color scoring? |
0=blue
1=blue extremeties 2=all pink |
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APGAR
2. pulse scoring? |
0=absent
1= <100, 2= >100 |
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APGAR
3. respiration scoring? |
0=absent
1=slow 2=crying |
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APGAR
4. stimulus response scoring (response to nasal cathater)? |
0=none
1=grimace 2=sneeze/cough |
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APGAR
5. muscle tone scoring? |
0=limp
1=some flexion 2=active |
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sleep problems
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night terrors, somnambulism, stramonium
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homeopathic for sleep probs
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stromonium
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Enuresis
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bed wetting
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cause of enuresis
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1-2% is UTI - more rare = anatomical abnormalities
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tx of enuresis
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no fluids 2-3 hrs before, amino acid tx, alarms, motivation
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