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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immune Response
Type 1 - characteristics? |
Rapid Hist. Release - Ag/IgE
Vasodilation secretion smooth m spasm |
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Immune Response
Type 2 - characteristics? |
cytotoxic
your immune system uses NK to kill off a lot of cells (more on this later) |
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Type III characteristics
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Ag/Ab complex settles into tissues - often have high cholesterol
found in muscle and joints |
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Type IV characteristics?
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Delayed hypersensitivity
T cells release inflam cytokines |
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Examples of Type I
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Allergic Rhinitis
conjunctivitis food, dermatitis, asthma, anaphylaxis |
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Can Type I be inherited?
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Yes siree bob!
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How do you test for Type I?
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IgE levels, skin testing, and if the skin is too reactive, use RAST
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What percentage of Filipinos have diary allergies?
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99%!
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Sx of Type I Allergic Rhinitis?
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seasonal, itchy nose, tearing, clear watery nasal discharge, coughing wheezing, h/a and high eos. levles
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What is perennial rhinitis?
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non seasonal symptoms that include: chronic sinus congestion, decrease hearing in children, bluish red mucosa
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Sx of Allergic conjunctivitis
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Itchy eyes, tears, hist of environ. allergens, NO PAIN
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Sx of Food Allergy?
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IgE related. Normally dev. in infancy - mom allergic and she's breastfeeding - passes it on
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More sx of food allergy?
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Can lead to anaphylaxis.
In a baby - can have excema or colic, then after a year - asthma and allergic rhinitis |
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Common food allergens?
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eggs, peanuts, milk, soy
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What is anaphylaxis?
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Acute IgE mediated rxn to drugs or food.
Histamine release causes smooth muscle contraction, vascular dilation. |
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Effects of anaphylaxis?
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Urticaria, angioedema, shock, pul edema, wheezing, flush, pruritis, CV failure
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Treatment of anaphylaxis?
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Grab that Epipen! need epinephrine
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What is angioedema?
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Diffuse painful swellin in hands, feet, or face. Possible dyspnea.
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How is angioedema different form urticaria?
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Angioedema has much more profuse swelling
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What could you have a physical allergy to?
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Temperature, sun, water, vibration
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What's pruritis?
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Severe itching
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What are some of the sx of physical allergy?
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Pruritis, urticaria, angioedema, shock, bronchospasm
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Ok - on to Type II - examples of?
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Hemolytic anemia, Pemphigous ( a bullous skin dz), goodpastures, incompatible transfusion reaction (or transplant rxn)
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Did I already do a card for the definition of Type II? Here's another
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Cells destroyed by complement lysis or phagocytosis - possibly enhanced by antibodies
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Type III - he elaborated on his first definition -
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Deposition of Ag/Ab complexes.
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What does type III cause?
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chronic inflamation, destruction, depending on location
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Examples of Type III?
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RA, MS, Parkinsons
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Type IV - Examples of?
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A Drug Rxtn (like on the skin from pennicilin)
Poison Ivy, vasculitis, nephritis, hepatitis |
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Type IV Sx?
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Rash, fever, thrombocytopenia
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What is innate in the blood?
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Neutros, monos, macros, NK's
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Is innate immunity non specific?
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Yep!
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What do cytokines do?
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Fever producing, stimulate Ab.
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Examples of cytokines?
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Interferon, TNF, interleukins
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Oops - forgot to define cytokines?
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Polypeptides that proliferate in response to an antigen.
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What's adaptive immunity?
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T's, B's, Lymphocytes, Ig's
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Some characteritics of B cells.
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They recognize Ag with unique receptors (that can change) called Ig's. The Ig's interact with the antigen
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What do T-cells have?
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NOT suface Ig - they had CD3 t-cell receptor.
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How do T-cells work?
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Other cells present Ag to the T cell (APC's)
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Where does the T cell come from?
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Thymus. Learns to distinguish self form non self in 1st 7 years of life.
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T helpers are?
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CD 4
- They diferentiate to Th1 and Th2 |
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Can have Th1 and Th2 - difference?
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Th1 is specific and Th2 is humoral
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Cytotoxic are?
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T- cell CD8. COmbats viruses and tumors
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Where fo B cells mature?
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Bone marrow.
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What do B's produce?
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Ab - IgM first
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What do Ab do?
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Ab attach to Ag and increase phagocytosis
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What do T helper cells do?
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Initiate IgG production
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IgA is specific to?
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Mucosa
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IgE is specific to?
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Allergies
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What test do you use to measure Ig's?
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ELISA
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What is the complement system?
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Enzymatic proteins that increase Ag/Ab attachments.
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What does the complement system accomplish?
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Chemotaxis to Ag, cell lysis and prevents over large Ab clumping.
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What happens in the body when an infection resolves?
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Ag removed, infection controlled, no more cytokines released, xs mucus comes out (stuffy nose) and lymphocytes die down (via apoptosis)
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What if you have a deficiency in your immune system?
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Frequent URI (ok if you are 6-8 yo) and bacterial infection, opportunistic infection come in, more on the next card
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immuno deficiency sx?
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skin ulcers, failure to thrive, susceptible to gram +, virus, fungi.
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More Sx of immuno deficiency?
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Pale, malaise, distended abdomen.
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Are immuno deficiencies normally genetic?
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Yep
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How do you diagnose immunodeficiency?
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low WBC, Inadequate vaccine response when you have Ig testing.
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Other labs/scans for immuno def diagnosis?
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Thymus Xray, (need to see shadow in a child from 1-7)
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Even more labs?
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T-subset testing of CD4 and CD8, complement testing and genetic testing
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What is Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia?
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Delay in Ig production. In Preemies, Have abnormal B cell count.
Self limiting after 6-18 months |
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What are the sx of selective IgA deficiency?
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very common, chronic URI, diarrhea, allergy, autoimmune.
sometime anaphylaxis |
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Will it resolve on its own?
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It may
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What is X-linked agammaglobulinemia also known as?
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Brutons Agammaglobunemia
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What are the sx of X-linked agammaglobulinemia?
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Very low Ig, and B
Inherited recurrent infections also vaccine related infections |
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How do you treat this?
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Life time Ig supplementationa and chronic Abx.
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Is this Dz poplular for the boards?
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Apparently so.....
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What is common variable immunodeficiency?
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Normal B's, but decreased T's.
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What are some of the affects of CVI?
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Autoimmune, arthritis, thyroid problems, diarrhea, malabsorption, cancer and lymphma
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What is DiGeorge Anomaly?
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Absence of hypodevelopment of thymus and parathyroid.
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Some sx of DiGeorge?
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facial clefts, Heart dz, Chromosome 22 abnormality
Recurrent infections |
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What is the leading cause of world infant death?
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Malnutrition related immunodeficiency
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How does this Dz happen?
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Low weight leads to low immune function
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Then what?
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Infection leads to anorexia
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What does the blood work look like for malnutrition related immunodeficiency?
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Low T, Low Ab and.....
ELEVATED IgE. |
