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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Corneal Reflex:
Important reflex that ___ Stimulus to cornea carried in afferent axons in the ___ Efferent axons in the ___ contract orbicularis oculi muscle Loss of reflex with facial nerve injury causes ___ |
-protects the eye
-trigeminal nerve (CN V) -facial nerve [CN VII] -corneal damage and ulceration |
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Müller’s muscle is ___ muscle
Innervated by ___ from the ___ Paralysis causes ___ Part of ___ Syndrome |
-smooth
-postganglionic sympathetics -superior cervical ganglion -ptosis or drooping of the upper lid -Horner’s |
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Orbital Fractures:
Blowout fracture Thin walls allow fractures that can involve the sinuses. Medial wall fractures can involve the ___ sinuses Injury to the floor can involve the ___ sinus Damage to the roof can involve the ___ Bleeding into the orbit may cause ___ |
-ethmoid
-maxillary -frontal lobe of the brain -eye to protrude –called exopthalmos. |
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Opthalmic Artery:
1st branch of ___ Major blood supply to ___ One of smallest branches is the central artery of the retina (which enters optic nerve to get to the retina), occlusion of which can cause ___ Posterior ciliary arteries penetrate sclera to supply ___ |
-internal carotid artery
-orbit -blindness in that eye -choroid and outer retina (pigment epithelium and rods and cones) |
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Danger area: retrograde infections from the ___ spread to the ___.
This is possible because of venous communication (via the ___) between the ___ vein and the ___ |
-nasal area
-brain -ophthalmic veins -facial -cavernous sinus |
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Danger zone:
Retrograde infections can travel from nasal area via ___ (explain path) Or, ___ (explain path) |
-facial v. --> angular v. --> nasofrontal v. --> superior ophthalmic v. --> cavernous sinus in brain
-(facial v. --> deep facial v. --> pterygoid venous pelxus --> inferior ophthalmic v. --> cavernous sinus in brain) |
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Nerve Palsies:
Abducens palsy – affects ___ When staring straight ahead (primary gaze) affected eye pulled ___ by unopposed ___ |
-lateral gaze
-medially -medial rectus. |
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Trochlear palsy
Hypertropia – affected eye looks ___ when patient asked to stare ahead Patient suffers from ___ Patient tilts head ___ to compensate |
-upward (& extortion that cannot be seen in patient)
-diplopia s. 38 -downward away from affected eye |
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Oculomotor palsy
Affects 4 of six extraocular muscles Affected eye stares ___ due to unopposed actions of ___ muscles Patient cannot ___ upper lid Cannot stare at object as it is ___ Suffers ___ Pupil of affected side ___ due to unopposed action of ___ |
-down and out
-lateral rectus and superior oblique -elevate -moved toward face (impaired adduction) -Diplopia -sympathetics on dilator pupillae muscle |
