49785 Ap Human Geography Chapter 2 Vocab

Front 1

Age distribution

Back 1

The distributions of age in a population

Front 2

Carrying capacity

Back 2

The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support

Front 3

Cohort

Back 3

a category of people with something in common, usually their age

Ex. College towns with college students

Front 4

Demographic equation

Back 4

equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population during a certain period of time, also taking into account net migration and natural increase

Front 5

Demographic momentum

Back 5

this is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model.

Front 6

Demographic regions

Back 6

Regions grouped together by the stage of the demographic transition model that most countries in the region are in.

Front 7

Demographic transition model

Back 7

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. Stage 1 is low growth (low stationary), Stage 2 is High Growth (early expanding), Stage 3 is Moderate Growth (late expanding), and Stage 4 is Low Growth (low stationary), and Stage 5 although not officially a stage is a possible stage that includes zero or negative population growth.

Front 8

Dependency ratio

Back 8

The number of nonworking members compared to working members for a given population

Ex. Retired elderly and young children

Front 9

Diffusion of fertility control

Back 9

The spread of birth control in an area

Front 10

Disease diffusion

Back 10

How disease spreads in a population.

Ex. Hierarchical diffusion spreads from urban to rural areas. Contagious is spread through the density of people.

Front 11

Doubling time

Back 11

time it takes for a country to double its population

Front 12

Ecumene

Back 12

a term used by geographers to mean inhabited land. It generally refers to land where people have made their permanent home, and to all work areas that are considered occupied and used for agricultural or any other economic purpose.

Front 13

Epidemiological transition model

Back 13

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition; stages 1 and 2 are the stages of pestilence and famine, infectious and parasitic diseases, and accidents and attacks by animals and other humans; stages 3 and 4 are the stages of degenerative and human-created diseases. Stage 5 is the stage of reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases.

Ex. cardiovascular diseases and cancer

Front 14

Gendered space

Back 14

areas or regions designed for men or women.

Front 15

Infant mortality rate

Back 15

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1000 live births in a society.

Front 16

J-curve

Back 16

A growth curve that depicts exponential growth

Front 17

Maladaptation

Back 17

an adaptation that is less helpful than harmful; It can also signify an adaptation that, whilst reasonable at the time, has become less and less suitable and more of a problem or hindrance in its own right, as time goes on.

Front 18

Thomas Malthus

Back 18

A British economist that concluded that the rate of population was growing at a faster rate than agricultural productivity leading to over population.

Front 19

Mortality

Back 19

the number of deaths per thousand people

Front 20

S-curve

Back 20

A curve that depicts logistic growth

Front 21

Sex ratio

Back 21

the proportion of males to females in a population

Front 22

Standard of living

Back 22

the quality of life based on the possession of necessities and luxuries that make life easier

Front 23

Sustainability

Back 23

The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained

Front 24

Underpopulation

Back 24

circumstances of too few people to sufficiently develop the resources of a country or region to improve the level of living of its inhabitants.

Front 25

Zero population growth

Back 25

When the birth rate equals the death rate

Front 26

Natality

Back 26

the number of live births divided by the population

Ex. 2,342 per month/320,000,000

Front 27

Neo-Malthusian

Back 27

generally refers to people with the same basic concerns as Malthus, who advocate population control programs, to ensure resources for current and future populations.

Front 28

Overpopulation

Back 28

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Ex. A city that can't produce as much food as there are people.

Front 29

Population densities

Back 29

A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.

Ex. 450 people per square mile

Front 30

Population distributions

Back 30

how population is spread out in an area

Ex. The more wealthy people in Tallahassee live in the Northeastern side

Front 31

Population explosion

Back 31

the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century

Ex. Baby-boomer generation

Front 32

Population projection

Back 32

a statement of a population's future size, age, and sex composition based on the application of stated assumptions to current data

Ex. The world population could exceed 9 Billion by the end of the century.

Front 33

Population Pyramid/ Age-sex pyramid

Back 33

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Ex. Age-sex

Front 34

Rate of natural increase

Back 34

birth rate minus the death rate, suggesting the annual rate of population growth without considering net migration

Front 35

Mortality

Back 35

the number of deaths per thousand people

Front 36

S-curve

Back 36

A curve that depicts logistic growth

Front 37

Sex ratio

Back 37

the proportion of males to females in a population

Front 38

Standard of living

Back 38

the quality of life based on the possession of necessities and luxuries that make life easier

Front 39

Sustainability

Back 39

The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained

Front 40

Underpopulation

Back 40

circumstances of too few people to sufficiently develop the resources of a country or region to improve the level of living of its inhabitants.

Front 41

Zero population growth

Back 41

When the birth rate equals the death rate

Front 42

Natality

Back 42

the number of live births divided by the population

Ex. 2,342 per month/320,000,000

Front 43

Neo-Malthusian

Back 43

generally refers to people with the same basic concerns as Malthus, who advocate population control programs, to ensure resources for current and future populations.

Front 44

Overpopulation

Back 44

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Ex. A city that can't produce as much food as there are people.

Front 45

Population densities

Back 45

A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.

Ex. 450 people per square mile

Front 46

Population distributions

Back 46

how population is spread out in an area

Ex. The more wealthy people in Tallahassee live in the Northeastern side

Front 47

Population explosion

Back 47

the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century

Ex. Baby-boomer generation

Front 48

Population projection

Back 48

a statement of a population's future size, age, and sex composition based on the application of stated assumptions to current data

Ex. The world population could exceed 9 Billion by the end of the century.

Front 49

Population Pyramid/ Age-sex pyramid

Back 49

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Ex. Age-sex

Front 50

Rate of natural increase

Back 50

birth rate minus the death rate, suggesting the annual rate of population growth without considering net migration