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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vibrio cholerae
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gram negative
facultative hightly motile (flagellum) curved bacteria can tolerate high salt virulent serotype = O1 and O139 |
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Vibrio Disease
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acute onset of profuse watery diarrhea
fluid and electrolyte loss 10-30% mortality if not treated |
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Vibrio Pathogenesis
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colonization of small intestine mediated by adhesive fimbriae
production of enterotoxin |
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Cholera Toxin
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AB TOXIN
w/ has ADP ribosyl transferase properties to target Gs of Adenylate Cyclase - cAMP increases and altered regulation of ion channels - Cl- is going OUT Enteric Nervous System is affected -5 hydroxytryptamine release |
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Vibrio Dx
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culture and biochemical tests
-selective media - thiosulfate citrate bile salts - dark field microscopic examination of stool |
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Vibrio Tx
(disease limits itself in 5 days) |
fluid and electrolyte replacement
-oral rehydration w/glucose and salts antibiotics shorten duration of disease - doxycycline |
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Vibrio Prevention
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Oral killed whole cell, B subunit vaccine
fecal-oral transmission -hyperinfectious state for hours after defecation in water |
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
(raw oysters, shrimp, crab w/ increase in warmer months) |
ubiquitous in coastal waters
needs high salt concentration acute mild to moderate watery diarrhea *blood, some PMNS, fever, chills, headache |
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VP pathogenesis
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hemolysin w/ enterotoxin activity releases intracellular calcium stores- CL ion secretion
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VP DX and Tx
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culture from stool
rehydration in severe cases |
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Vibrio vulnificus
(sepsis in ICZ, raw oysters, hepatic cirrhosis patients at greatest risk) |
high salt for growth
warm coastal waters sepsis, shock, cutaneous lesions, would infections, cellulitis, diarrhea |
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VV pathogenesis
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antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule
cytolysin = apoptosis in endothelial cells metalloprotease cleaves collagen IV |
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VV DX and TX
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culture from blood
AB = doxycycline and ceftrixone |
