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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multiple myeloma is comprised of myeloma cells. Myeloma cells produce what?
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1. excess IgG or IgA, and light chains
2. osteoclast activating factor (IL-6) 3. IL-1 (another potent osteoclast activator) |
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What are the risk factors for phlebothrombosis known as 'Virchow's triad'?
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1. blood stasis
2. hypercoaguability 3. endothelial cell damage |
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What is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than LDL?
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increased CRP which indicates disrupted plaque
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What is the pathophysiology of hyperplastic arteriosclerosis?
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hyperplasia of the media
that causes progressive narrowing of the lumen |
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What is the pathophysiology of hyaline arteriosclerosis?
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increased protein is deposited int eh vessel wall and occludes the lumen
thickening of the basement membrane |
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What vasculitis is characterized by immune complex-mediated transmural fibrinoid necrosis?
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polyarteritis nodosa
-microscopic polyangitis and Kawasaki dz are also histologically similar |
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What is the vasculitis associated with heavy smokers?
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thromboangiitis obliterans (Beurger's dz)
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What vasculitis is characterized by thickening of the aortic arch with huge granuloma formations?
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Takayasu Arteritis
=Aortic arch syndrome =pulseless disease |
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What are the clinical manifestations of Behcet's syndrome?
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recurrent painful oral and genital ulceration
+/- uveitis/iritis +/- arthritis |
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Describe the pathology of syphilitic or luetic aneurysm.
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histologically, causes the intima to buckle, leading to an appearance of 'tree-barking' of the intima.
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What are the type A and B Stanford classification of aortic dissection?
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Type A: any dissection that involves ANY part of the ascending aorta
Type B: any aortic dissection that does NOT involve the ascending aorta |
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Mitral valve murmurs are best heard where?
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Apex of the heart and often refer to the left axilla
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This heart sound is a harsh systolic murmur due to a congenital bicuspid valve.
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aortic stenosis
also due to age (calcification) |
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What is Eisenmenger's syndrome?
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reversal of a left-to-right shunt to a right-to-left shunt
secondary to the eventual development of pulmonary HTN |
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What is tetralogy of fallot?
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VSD
pulmonary valve stenosis right ventricle hypertrophy overrising aorta |
