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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indications for Red cell transfusion {7 main}
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1. Haemorrhage
2. Anaemia a. dilutional b. Iron-deficiency c. Megaloblastic d. Chronic disorders 3. Chronic renal failure 4. Erythropoiesis Failure 5. Sickle cell disease 6. Septic shock 7. DIC |
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American College of Surgeons Fluid loss Classes:
1. How many? 2. Which Classes are recommended for blood transfusion? |
1. 4 classes : I , II , III , IV
2. Classes III and IV {Estimated blood loss > 1500mL} |
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Storage effects on oxygen carrying capacity of blood? [5]
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1. Decreased intracellular 2,3 DPG
2. loss of red cell viability 3. Decreased red cell deformability 4. Relative acidosis 5. Potassium leakage |
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List some of practical precautions when transfusing blood
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1. Universal precautions
2. Blood warmer 3. Sterile giving sets 4. Use dedicated lines 5. Avoid hypothermia |
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Features of an Acute haemolytic Transfusion reaction [ AHTR]
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1. Medical Emergency
2. develops within first 30 minutes of transfusion 3. usually due to ABO incompatibility 4. usually due to Clerical/procedural error 5. Usually Group O recipient transfused with non Group O red cells 6. 1 in 20,000 transfusions {12-38} |
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Symptoms and signs of AHTR [ acute haemolytic transfusion reaction]
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1. fever and rigors
2. chest and lumbar pain 3. tachycardia 4. hypotension ie. SHOCK 5. haemoglobinaemia and haemoglobinuria |
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Features of Anaphylactoid Transfusion reaction
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1. Presence of donor IgG Anti-IgA Ab in IgA -deficient recipient
2. Onset < 45 min 3. Angio-oedema + shock 4. Treatment as per anaphylaxis |
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Features of Transfusion Related Acute lung Injury [TRALI]
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1. Respiratory distres + hypoxia + shock + fever + pulmonary oedema
2. Supportive Treatment |
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What tests are performed on Blood for transfusion in Australia?
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1. ABO compatibility
2. Rh (D) Blood group 3. red cell antibodies 4. Infections: a. HIV I and II b. HBV and HCV c. Human T-cell lymphocytic virus I and II d. Syphilis |
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What are the 4 Immediate Transfusion reactions that can occur?
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1. Febrile Non-haemolytic Reactions [ FNHTR]
2. Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction [ AHTR] 3. Anaphylaxis and Allergic reactions 4. TRALI |
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What are the delayed Transfusion reactions?
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1. Delayed Haemolytic transfusion reaction
2. Alloimmunisation 3. Transfusion-associated Graft versus Host disease 4. Hypothermia 5. Dilutional coagulopathy 6. Volume overload |
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What are the common bacteria associated with infection transmission in blood transfusion?
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1. Brucella
2. Pseudomonas 3. Salmonella 4. treponema pallidum |
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Indications for platelet transfusion?
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1. Bone marrow failure
a. < 10 = no risk factors b. < 20 = fever/antibiotics/systemic haemostatic failure 2. Bleeding { thrombocytopenia] 3. Massive Haemorrhage / Transfusion [ 50-100 ] 4. Surgery / Invasive procedures 5. Platelet function disorders |
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When/ What situations is platelet transfusion not considered appropriate?
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1. Immune -mediated platelet destruction
2. TTP {thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura} 3. HUS 4. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia 5. Cardiac bypass thrombocytopenia |
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Features of FFP
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1. Contains all coagulation factors
2. Dose = 10-15mL/kg /dose 3. Compatibility testing not required-ABO compatible plasma however recommended |
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Indications for FFP
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1. Life threatening bleeding from warfarin
2. Bleeding and abnormal coagulation: a. Acute DIC b. Massive transfusion c. Liver disease 3. TTP |
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Indications for Cryoprecipitate
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1. Bleeding and abnormal coagulation
a. DIC b. trauma c. Massive transfusion |
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Blood product Dosing in Massive transfusion
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1.Should be guided by Haematologist
2. Wide Institutional variation : NO CURRENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE FOR BEST PRACTICE 3. PRBC + FFP + Plt + CPP 4. Considered with : - platelets < 100 - INR > 1.5 - Fibrinogen < 1.0 g/L - Ongoing, uncontrollable tissue ooze. |
