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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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65-75 |
Young Old |
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75-85 |
Aged |
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85+ |
Oldest Old |
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Senior Nutrition Program - age |
60+ years old |
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Social security problem - eligibility |
65+ |
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SSP (full payment) |
66 years old |
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"early retirement" |
62 years old |
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Medicare - eligibility |
65 years old |
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Biological aging (3) |
Group of processes that with time leads to: 1. loss of adaptability 2. functional impairment 3. eventual death EDIFLOA |
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What is the IDEAL for living? |
High quality of life for maximum years, fast decline to death Rather than suffering for many years/decade and then death. |
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Life expectancy (2005)
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Females: 80.4 years old. Males: 75.3 years old Average: 77.8 yearss old |
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Life expectancy (2010) |
Average: 78.2 years old. |
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Making it to 65 years old...benefit? |
You live longer than the average life expectancy just by making it to 65! Your life is expected to have ~19+ years to it. |
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What will make us live long? |
Vaccines, sanitation, food safety, medicine (esp. 21st century, there's a push for better health!) |
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the 65+ group are characterized as? (BB) |
baby boomers
Born right after WWII. |
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85+ composing older adult pop |
Fastest growing component (2/3 are men) |
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Percent of people in institutions (increase or decrease?) |
Decreased to <5% |
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Percent of US population over 65? |
Increased due to BABY BOOMERS! |
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Causes of death 65+ Heart disease Cancer Stroke Diabetes |
Heart disease: 24% Cancer: 23% Stroke: 5% Diabetes: 3%* *(possible misinterpretation b/c there's a lot of undiagnosed diabetes). |
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% of people >65 years old with... 1. At least one chronic condition 2. At least two chronic conditions |
1. ~80% 2. ~50% |
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Despite the number of 65+ with a chronic conditions, they still rate their health as good to excellent...why? |
Rate themselves based on the circumstances around them and what they experience. They've outlived a lot of people and so they feel like their health is good. As you age, you typically become more grateful and so they are focusing on what to be grateful for and not focusing on chronic diseases. |
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Sex differences in disabilities with aging: MEN (2) |
Higher in 1. heart disease and 2. stroke |
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Sex differences in disabilities with aging: WOMEN (3) |
Higher 1. osteoporosis and related fracture (menopause is a factor) 2. Arthritis. 3. Circulatory diseases (restricted blood flow to brain). |
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Living alone: percentage, men vs. women (2013) |
Men: 19% Women: 35% |
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Activity limitations with age, where does the drastic change occur? |
There is a steady, step-wise increase from 18-44 to 45-64, and 65-74, then there is a big jump for 75+. |
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By 70, x% of elders with (blank) need help with daily living. |
50% of elders with arthritis. |
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Healthy people 2010 target for complete tooth loss? |
only 20% of elders experience complete tooth loss. |
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3 states with the highest 65+ year olds: |
Florida W. Virginia Pennsylvania. |
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Longevity Determinants? |
1. Genes 2. Environment 3. Genes x Environment |
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Longevity Determinants - Genes Explains x%-x% of longevity |
20-30% of longevity
plays a role but not a major role |
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Longevity determinants Environment characteristics |
Health behaviors (eating, medicine, physical activity).
Social support Activities of daily living Mental Health Cognitive Ability Personality Coping |
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Longevity Determinants Genes x Environment |
Epigenetic how environment influences genes. |
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Hayflick's Theory of Limited Cell Replication (theories of agin: programmed aging) |
Cells can divide only a certain number of times. After that, it's done. Humans max out at 110-120 years. - your cells can't keep dividing. |
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Molecular Clock Theory (Theories of aging: programmed aging) |
Telomeres = clocks = repetitive nucleotide sequences at the end of chromosomes. - shorten with each cell division. |
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News in slowing the shortening of telomeres (Theories of agin: programmed aging) |
Increase DHA and EPA blood levels will slow the shortening. |
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Theories of aging: Wear and Tear (2) |
1. Oxidative stress 2. Rate of living theory |
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Oxidative stress |
Increase in reactive O2 compounds with age --> increase free radicals. (e.g. smoking, ozone, solar radiation, pollution, etc.) |
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Rate of Living Theory |
"Fast living" = fast agin little research to back this theory. |
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Can aging slow down? 3 ways |
1. Calories restriction and longevity (Rats and monkeys). 2. Healthy behaviors and mortality. 3. Components of Successful Aging |
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Caloric restriction and longevity |
Wisconsin vs. Washington monkeys! Wisconsin monkeys had an increase lifespan and quality of life and Washington there were NO effects. |
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Why the differences if Wisconsin vs Wa. monkeys? |
Genetic differences (two different strains) Diet composition (desimilar) Control groups - Wisconsin had ad lip diet - Washington had portioned foods. reality: Wisconsin monkeys were overweight and Washington was not. |
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Healthy behaviors and mortality - scale for healthy behaviors |
4 point scale for health behaviors 1. non smoking 2. not sedentary (~30 min of activity/d) 3. Moderate alcohol (1/week, but <14/wk) 4. Plasma vit C >50 nmol/L |
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Results of 4 point scale: Relative risk of death |
4 points: 1 3: 1.39 2: 1.95 1: 2.52 0: 4.04 (400% likely to die) |
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Mortality risk for 4 point scale |
mortality risk for those with 4 compared to 0 health behaviors equivalent to being 14 years younger in chronological age. |
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6 lifestyle behaviors that have the greatest influence on physiological age: |
1. well-balanced meal 2. Heathy body weight. 3. Not smoking 4. Engaging in physical activity regularly 5. Moderate alcohol 6. Sleeping regularly and adequately. |
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Components of Successful Aging |
1. physiological/health practices 2. Social well-being 3. Mental and physical |
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Concerns for older adults: |
1. preventive health services. 2. improve quality of life so they can stay in homes. 3. <20% of older adults engage in enough physical activity. 4. each year, 1 out of 3 adults falls 5. Caregivers for older adults living at home are typically unpaid family members (creates a burden) |
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We are staying healthier longer and postponing frail old age: Future challenges |
1. smaller work force supporting retired adults 2. ballooning pension and health care money. |
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Possible changes: |
1. increasing the retirement age (currently 65 y.o.) 2. Everyone works fewer hours (works 15/20 instead of 40 hrs/wk). |
