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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how is Streptococci identified in the lab?
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Grown on blood agar
hemolytic activity Catalase negative Susceptible to Bacitran Detection of specific CHO group |
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what are the distinguishing features of Streptococcus pyogenes?
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Gram + chains
non-motile non-spore forming Group A STREP Beta Hemolytic |
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How is Streptococci pyogenes (Group A) spread?
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human URT and skin
spread by airborne droplets and by contact |
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Erythrogenic toxin
Streptolysins Streptokinase A and B Deoxyribonuclease Hyaluronidase M and T antigens Are virulence factors for what microorganism? |
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)
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what are the main diseases caused by Streptococci pyogenes (Group A)
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Strep throat
Scarlet Fever Rheumatic Fever Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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what 4 diseases are caused by group A streptococci by local invasion and/or exotoxin release?
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Streptococcal pharyngitis
Streptococcal skin infections Scarlet fever Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome |
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what 2 diseases does group A strep cause by delayed antibody mediated reactions
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Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis |
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what can be detected on group A strep for a typing scheme for epidemological purposes?
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Type specific M and T antigens
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how does Group A streptococci pyogenes cause necrotizing fascitis?
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Has an M protein that blocks phagocytosis, allowing the bacteria to move rapidly through tissue.
Follows a path along the fascia which lies between subcutaneous tissue and muscle patient develops rapid swelling, heat and redness that moves from initial skin infection site Skin changes color, large blisters form, and skin dies, the muscle may become infected Treat with penicillin G |
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what diseases do Streptococcus agalactia (Group B) cause?
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Neonatal meningitis
septicemia mastitis in bovines |
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how doe babies acquire the Streptococcus agalactia (Group B)?
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babies acquire organism from colonized mother at birth or by contact spread between babies in nursery after birth
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what is one of the leading causes of meningitis is neonates?
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Streptococcus agalactia (Group B)
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what is a sign that Group B Streptococci has been transmitted to the heart?
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Clubbing of the fingers
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The virulence factors of this type of streptococcus infection are not completely known, but some are fulminating sepsis and CNS involvement. What type of streptococci is it?
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Streptococcus agalactiae/Group B
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how is Streptococcus agalactiae identified in the lab?
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Beta-hemolytic on agar
Hippurate hydrolysis + Aesculin hydrolysis - Posses Group B Lancefield capsular antigen Positive CAMP test |
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If Group B Streptococcus is plated with Staph what type of pattern is seen?
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Plating test shows an arrowhead pattern of hemolysis when plated with Staph
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what are the diseases caused by Group B Strep in babies?
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babies who are predominately affected by Group B Strep
causes meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis |
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Are Streptococcus mutans beta or alpha hemolytic?
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alpha-hemolytic
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which type of Streptococci are strongly associated with dental caries?
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S. mutans
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True or False
Several species of the S. mutans are capable of causing bacterial endocarditis. |
True
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what organism is it important to differentiate between Streptococcus mutans with?
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Streptococci pneumonia
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what are the most important clinically Genus of Enterococcus?
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E. Faecalis
E. Faecium |
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Gram + cocci
often found in pairs & chains Non-fastidious Capable or anearobic/aerobic respiration are characteristics of what microorganism |
Enterococcus
E. faecalis E. Faecium |
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what type of hemolysis does Enterococcus (Fecal Strep) cause?
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it can be alpha, beta, or non hemolytic
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what is another name for Enterococcus?
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Group D Streptococcus
Fecal Streptococcoi |
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True or Fasle
Enterococcus is resistant to 40% of bile salts and optochin. |
True
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what type of diseases does Enterococcus cause?
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UTI
Endocarditis Septicemia after surgery in immunocompromised |
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what drugs is Enterococcus resistant to?
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Vancomycin
VRE is a major problem |
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If your patient has VRE what can they be treated with?
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NOTHING
must come up with a combination of drugs to try to attack the bug |
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how is Enterococcus infection acquired?
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normal habitat of the gut of humans and animals
may be endogenously acquired Cross infection may occur in the hospital |
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what is the leading cause of Otitis media in children?
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Streptococcus pneumonia
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what is the typical appearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
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Gram positive appearing in pairs in gram films (diplococci)
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what type of hemolysis occurs with Streptococci pneumonia?
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alpha-hemolysis
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what diseases does S. pneumonia cause?
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Pneumonia
Septicemia Meningitis Otitis media in children |
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what protects S. pneumonia from being phagocytosed?
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Capsule protects it from phagocytosis
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what is an antibiotic that is diagnostic for S. pneumonia?
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Optochin
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what type of capsule is associated with S. pneumonia?
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Type 3 capsule
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how is S. pneumonia spread?
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human respiratory tract droplet spread
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what is a requirement of S. pneumonia for growth?
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requires blood or serum for growth
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Is S. pneumonia catalase +/-
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Catalase -
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True or False
Polysaccharide capsule of S. pneumonia can be demonstrated by appropriate staining techniques |
True
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If you have a splenectomoy what type of Streptococci infection might his predispose you to?
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S. pneumonia
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what is the population that is S. pneumonia affects?
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mainly children < 2 years of age and elderly
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what are the two pathogenic species of Streptococci that do NOT have Lancefield Ags. ?
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S. pneumonia
S. viridans |
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True or False
the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults is from streptococcus pneumonia |
True
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what are the two diagnostic test for S. pneumonia?
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Quelling reaction: swelling in the presence of specific antiserum
Optochin sensitivity: this differentiates between S. pneumonia and S. mutans |
