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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biologic agents that can be weaponized categorized as A, B or C. What are the classifications based on ??
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1. Ease of dissemination
2. Potential for major public health impact 3. potential for panic/disruption 4. requirements for preparedness |
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Category A bioterror agents
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Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Smallpox, C.botulinum toxin, F.tularensis, Hemorrhagic fever viruses
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Bacillus anthracis is spore forming bacteria naturally found in herbivores. Its routes of human infection are ??
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Cutaneous; Pulmonary, GI
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Most common anthrax manifestation with formation of eschar, surrounding edema and lymphadenopathy.
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Cutaneous anthrax
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Most lethal form of anthrax. Rapidly develops into mediastinal lymphadenitis and hemorrhaging, pleural effusions and septic shock
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Pulmonary/inhalation anthrax.
There is no person-to person transmission in anthrax. |
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Anthrax toxins (3) and their functions
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Protective Ag - fcilitates internalization of EF and LF into cells
Edema factor - increases cAMP Lethal factor - lysis of macrophages by cleaving MAPKK |
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Peniciilin, doxycyclin and what other antibiotic are useful int reating Anthrax if given early ??
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Ciprofloxacin. Note that vaccinations are given to livestock and military.
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The Plague is caused by ??
What are its 3 forms ?? |
Yersinia pestis
Bubonic; Septicemic; Pneumonic. Pneumonic is most contagious/deadly |
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Clinical Manifestastions of Plague
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Organism injected into skin, travels to regional nodes. multiply in nodes - painful, fever, necrotic -> bubonic plague.
Secondary pneumonia can develop, sepsis, death -> pneumonic plague. |
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Treatment/Prevention of Plague
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Streptomycin, tetracyclin, doxycyclin within first 2 days.
Plague vaccine found to be ineffective. |
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Common spore forming bacteria found in soil. Produces toxin which blocks neuromuscular transmission. Bilateral symmetric flaccid paralysis without fever. Caused by ??
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Clostridium botulinum toxin
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Treatment of Botox poisoning ??
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Mainly supportive, although antidotes to toxin are available.
Vaccines available to lab workers. |
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Smallpox virus epidemiology ??
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highly infectious with person to person spread. Almost all got the disease before eradicyaed by vaccine. Spread by respiratory droplets, contact with fomites. Shedding occurs with onset of rash.
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Clinical manifestations of high fver, malaise, prostration with evolving rash from maculopapular to pustules to crusts. Pustules are deeply embedded in dermis and leave pitted scar match waht organism ??
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Small pox virus
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Smallpox ??
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Dx: clinical appearance of lesions: maculopapular to pustule to crusty.
Treat: symptomatic (no anti-virals licensed). Vaccine has high rate of side-effects |
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Small pox vaccine strain is called ??
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Vaccinia - a live, attenuated virus. Vaccinia is touched to vaccine site and covered with bandage.
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Francisella tularensis
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G- coccobacillus which naturally infects rodents. Transmitted by ticks/deer flies. Higly infectious but not as deadly as anthrax.
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Natural transmission/epidemiology of tularemia
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Acquired by 1) ticks bites when cleaning hunted animals.
cutaneous ulcer with swollen node 2) inhalation 3) ingestion with raw meat. |
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Treatment of tularensis
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streptomycin, doxycyclin. 60% mortality if untreated. Only a few organisms are required to cause the disease.
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Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Flavivirus, Rift valley fever, Kyasanur Forest fever, bunyaviruses are all exmaples of ??
Their treatments are ?? |
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers - fever, chills, headache, massive hemmorrhaging, death.
No licensed treatment/anti-virals and no vaccines. |
