4/24 Zoonotic Infections

Front 1

Define zoonotic infections

Back 1

infections of nonhuman hosts that are transmitted to humans. e.g. bioterrorism agents; emerging infections

Front 2

Zoonotic infections are spread by 4 methods. They are:

Back 2

Bites; Inhalation; Ingestion; Fecal/oral

Front 3

Etiology of Lyme Disease is ?? Name another organism with the same shape

Back 3

Borrelia burgdorferi
(G-, spirochete). Treponema Pallidum (Syphillis) is also spiral shaped.

Front 4

Lyme disease reservoir
AND
Lyme disease vector

Back 4

Res: mice
AND
Vec: ticks (infection through bite)

Front 5

4 stages in natural history (progression) of Lyme disease

Back 5

Localized early disease -> Early disseminated -> Disseminated -> Chronic

Front 6

Localized early Lyme disease shows erythema migrans - describe it.

Back 6

Erythema migrans - annular, sharply demarcated, non-tender, may have bull's-eye appearance.

Front 7

Early dissemintaed Lyme disease includes:

Is treated with

Back 7

secondary lesions on skin

fever and malaise, arthralgia & myalgia

Acute Arthritis appears.

Treated with:
Antibiotics doxy and amoxi

Front 8

Disseminated Lyme Disease includes

Back 8

Carditis, neurologic manifestations.

Arthritis

Front 9

Chronic Lyme Disease shows:

Back 9

Neorologic symptoms

Chronic Arthritis - defined as >1 yr of arthritis. Does not respond to antibiotics

Front 10

Diagnosis for Lyme disease requires:

Back 10

Differential - Erythema Migrans

Serology - ELISA + Western blot.

PCR can be used in difficult patients as culture is not easy to create.

Front 11

Define arboviruses. What are the reserviors?? What are the hosts??

Back 11

viruses transmitted by arthropods e.g. ticks, mosquitos.

Reservoirs: birds

Host: horses and humans are dead-end hosts

Front 12

Arboviruses found in US

Back 12

Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis viruses;
West Nile;
St. Louis Encephalitis virus;
LaCrosse virus;
Colorado Tick Fever

Front 13

The US is at risk for Dengue fever virus and ??

Back 13

Yellow fever.

Front 14

A virus similiar to St Louis Encephalitis Virus was found in dead birds. It was found to be ??

Back 14

West Nile Virus. First entered US in 1999.

Front 15

WNV has birds as reservoir, and what as vector ??

Back 15

Mosquitos

Front 16

Dengue Fever is also called Break-bone fever. It has 4 serotypes. Reinfection with different serotype results in ??

Back 16

severe immune mediated hemorrhagic disease and shock

Front 17

Dengue vector and reservoir ??

Back 17

Vector: mosquitos

Reservoir: humans

Same for Yellow fever, too.

Front 18

Characterized by high fever, chills and then liver damage. Cases occurred while building Panama canal - name the zoonotic infection.

Back 18

Yellow fever.

Front 19

Controlling mosquito borne viruses includes what measures ??

Back 19

1. Surveiallnce of horses, mosquitos, birds
2. Environmental clean-up.
3. insecticides
4. avoid mosquito bites

Front 20

Wwat zoonotic infection matches the description:

bi-phasic episodes of fever, chills, arthrlagia, headalgia; prolonged recovery time; disease localized to W US 4000ft and higher

Back 20

Colorado Tick fever, which is not a neurologic disease by the way.

Front 21

Colorado Tick Fever charactistics:

Back 21

Vector: tick D. andersoni

Res: rodents

virus replicates in bone marrow stem cells.

Front 22

Rabies - list major reservoirs.

Back 22

Raccoons, skunks, bats.

Front 23

Stages in Rabies virus infection:

Back 23

animal bite -> prolonged replication at site -> ascend sensory nerve -> replicate in ganglia -> ascend to brain -> replication/transmission in saliva.

Front 24

Describe two forms of rabies infection

Back 24

FURIOUS:
aggression, confusion, salivation, hydrophobia
DUMB:
weak, inability to swallow, salivation, choking.

Front 25

Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis

Back 25

give Immunoglobins and active vaccine. Human rabies Ig milked from vet students - no joke.

Front 26

Regarding rabies, Why can one wait for a few days after animal bite before receiving treatment?

Back 26

rabies virus replicates at bite site slowly. Wait and observe wound and animal when vaccination status of animal unkown (unless the animal is a skunk, bat or raccoon)

Front 27

Pasteurella sp; S.aureus; and Alpha + Beta Strep sp are associated with ??
AND
Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium

Back 27

Dog Bites.
AND
Anaerobes associated with dog bites.

Front 28

Pasteurella canis and multocida.

Found where?? Cause what?? Treated how??

Back 28

G- coccobacilli. Normal dog/cat flora.

Localized cellulitis/lymphadenitis, abcess, tenosynovitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis (latter two with cats)

Susceptible to several antibiotics.

Front 29

Management of dog/cat bites

Back 29

culture wound; irrigation; debridement; antibiotics should cover Pasteurella, Strep, Staph, anaerobes.

Amoxicillin w/clavulanate often used.

Front 30

Regional, unilateral lymphadenitis. Usually benign and self limited illness. Sometimes whole arm could swell up. Common in children.

Name it ???

Back 30

Cat Scratch Fever courtesy of Bartonella henselae.