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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the largest animal virus? |
Poxvirus! |
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What's unusual about poxviruses? |
Although they are a DNA virus, they replicate in the cytoplasm. |
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What species' poxvirus infects cats? |
Cows |
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Describe the general epidemiology of poxvirus in cats. |
Usually rural cats hunting rodents, which are the natural hosts. Coinfections with FIV or FeLV can occur and are usually fatal. |
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What's the typical route of infection for poxviruses in cats? |
Skin inoculation (via bite or wound) Occasionally oronasal. |
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What clinical signs are seen in kittypox? |
- Primary lesion (head/neck/forelimb), often with secondary bacterial infection, abscess, and/or cellulitis - Skin nodules progressing to ulcers to scabs to bald patches - Mild systemic illness (viremia) - Cheetahs: fatal pneumonia |
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How do you diagnose kitty pox? |
Virus isolation via cell culture or eggs typically used. |
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How do humans contract poxvirus? |
Cats and pet rodents |
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What kind of virus is parvovirus? |
ssDNA Undergoes nuclear replication No envelope (One of the teeniest DNA viruses!) |
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Describe parvovirus's environmental resistance. |
Stable for a YEAR at room temperature. Can't be killed by 70% ethanol (but might be by bleach.) |
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Describe the transmission of parvovirus. |
Incubation: 2-7 days Shedding: 5-7 days (sometimes up to 6 weeks) Can cross the placenta Can be transmitted directly or via fomites |
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What must happen for parvoviruses to be able to replicate in a cell? |
The cell must already be actively dividing. Parvovirus is unable to "switch on" DNA synthesis in the host cell. |
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What cells do parvoviruses have a tropism for? |
Adults: lymphoid, bone marrow, intestinal crypts Perinatal: ^those and cerebrum, retina, optic nerve Cats late gestation: cerebellum |
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What happens with parvoviral infection in: Early gestation Mid gestation Late gestation |
Early: infertility, fetal death, resorption Mid: Abortion, mummified fetus Late: Live kittens but with optic nerve atrophy, retinopathy, hydraencephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia |
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Why would you see bloody diarrhea in a cat infected with parvovirus? |
The virus infects cells deep in the crypts of the mucosa, which causes the gut epithelium to be sloughed off, exposing blood vessels |
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How do you diagnose a feline parvovirus infection? |
Presumptive: clinical signs, leukopenia, and persistent NR anemia Definitive: serology with paired serum samples (rising titres) |
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How do you treat a parvoviral infection? |
Supportive therapy (increases survival) - Fluids - Antiemetics - Blood transfusion - Antimicrobials (for secondary infections) |
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How do you prevent parvoviral infection? |
Passive transfer (maternal Abs) Vaccination (inactivated or MLV) |
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Describe feline rotavirus. |
dsRNA virus Replicates in cytoplasm No envelope Segmented genome Family reoviridae Characteristic ferris wheel appearance |
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What type of cell does rotavirus infect? |
Mature enterocytes in the villi of the gut via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Leaves the cell by lysis. |
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What's unique about rotavirus? |
It produces an enterotoxin! NSP4 |
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How does NSP4 work? |
Stimulates signal transduction > Ca2+ concentration in enterocytes > enteric NS induced due to increased NT peptides > prolonged Cl- channel activation > secretory diarrhea |
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Where does rotavirus replicate? |
Tip of villi's epithelium |
