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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chlamydia
rickettsia |
obligate intracellular organism
can persist inspite of immune response (hides w/in cell) not related ... grouped together due to unique life style |
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chlamydia
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2 genera
1. chlamydia *c. trachomatis *18 serovars, defined by MAJOR OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN 2. chlamydophila *c. pneumoniae *c. psittaci |
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c. trachomatis
(forms membrane inclusion) |
smaller bacteria (smaller than largest virus)
*entire genome has been sequenced *has a plasmid *infected by bacteriophage Obligate intracellular bacteria *grow only in eukaryotic cell *need ATP and AA |
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chlamydia
(growth cycle STAGE 1) |
stage 1: attachment of EB
*infectious form *found in secretions *resistant to environment *has receptor ligand ix *targets columnar epithelial cells of mucous membranes (infects endocervix, urethra, and higher...normally not phagocytic cells) |
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chlamydia
(growth cycle STAGE 2) |
entry of EB
*enter w/in phagosome (all development here until it ruptures- vesicle called INCLUSION) *phagolysomal fusion DOESN'T occur |
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chlamydia
(growth cycle 3) |
eb MORPH to RB
*occurs 8hrs after ingestion *RBs more permeable, metabolically active, not infectious |
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chlamydia
(growth cycle 4) |
replication
*divide via BINARY FISSION for 20-24 hours |
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chlamydia
(growth cycle 5) |
rb MORPHS back to EB form
*decrease in size *DNA condenses *cell wall becomes more resistant again |
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chlamydia
(growth cycle 6) |
release of infectious EB
*both cell and inclusion lyse *chlamydia specific cytolysin |
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EB structure
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0.2 to 0.4 micron
DNA condensed via histone like protein EBs rigid as MOMP highly cross-linked |
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RB
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0.5-1.5 microns
gram (-) like cell wall w/ double membrane but NO peptidoglycan layer envelope highly permeable *takes up ATP and nutrients |
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Chlamydia Diseases
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c. trachomatis
*trachoma *STIs *perinatal infant infections |
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Trachoma
**greatest single cause of preventable blindness in world** |
serovar: A, B, Ba, C
clinical manifestations 1. chronic follicular keratoconjunctivitis 2. conjunctival scarring 3. pannus formation |
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Treatment Trachoma
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improved sanitation
doxycycline for 40 days (or Azithromycin) surgical intervention |
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STI
**most common bacterial cause of STIs in developed countries** **most common reportable disease in US** |
serovars: D-K, L1-L3
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Chlamydia Infections
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1. Cervicitis: 75-80%
2. 75% asymptomatic *normal cervix 3. 25% mucupurulent cervicitis *friable, ectopy, edema |
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chlamydia PID
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20-50% of women with untreated chlamydia = PID
1. endometritis *inflammation of endometrium or mucous membrane 2. salpingitis *inflammation of lining of fallopian/eustacian tubes |
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chlamydia PERIHEPATITIS
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Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome
*70% caused by C trachomatis* infection of liver capsule R upper quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, fever |
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chlamydia Diseases in women
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1. urethritis: 60-80%
*usually asymptomatic *dysuria *pyuria 2. proctitis (15-25%) *inflammation of rectum 3. Inclusion conjunctivitis |
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chlamydia Diseases in men
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1. non-gonococcal urethritis
*35-50% caused by chlamydia *50-75% symptomatic *25-50% asymptomatic 2. post-gonococcal urethritis *20% men have GC and Chlamydia *develops due to wrong AB 3. epididymitis *70% by C Trachomatis 4. proctitis 5. inclusion conjunctivitis 6. reiter's syndrome *arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis *characteristic mucocutaneous lesions |
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chlamydia Diseases in Infants
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acquired from direct contact with cervical secretions
1. inclusion conjunctivitis *most common cause in US 2. pneumoniae |
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Lymphogranuloma Venereum
(forms BUBOS in inguinal nodes) |
*strains L1,L2,L3
endemic in Asia, AFrica, SA **only C infection with MULTISYSTEM INVOLVEMENT 1. transient lesion on genitalia 2. suppurative regional lymphadenopathy 3. systemic symptoms 4. late = fibrotic changes and multiple draining fistulas |
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chlamydia EPI
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most common bacterial STI in US
4million cases/year in US SEXUALLY ACTIVE TEENS only reservoir = HUMANS treat with azitromycin in 1gm oral single dose |
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c. pneumoniae
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pear shaped EB
mild respiratory infection, person to person spread common in 5 to 14 yr olds |
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c. pneumoniae diseases
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coronary artery disease
asthma otitis media endocarditis alzheimers lung cancer SEROLOGY for dx-- acutely elevated c. pneumoniae |
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c. psittaci
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infection ubiquitous among avian species
parrots and parakeets = reservoir sporadic disease in humans 100-200 cases/year serology to confirm mortality is often HIGH |
