Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
give two ex of gram neg cocci
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisseria meningitidis.
|
|
what is the second most common cause of meningitis
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
what is unique about S.typhi compared to the other strains of Salmonella
|
strict human pathogen. causes typhoid fever
|
|
what are clinical manifestations and virulence factors for salmonella typhi
|
Clinical manifestations
Enteric fever Increasing fever, headache, myalgias, malaise, anorexia= 1 week Then GI tract symptoms Typhoid fever- rose spots on abdomen Virulence factors Invade Go through cells to submucosa Macrophages engulf Survive in macrophages and are taken to liver, spleen and bone marrow Endotoxin Vi capsule- Salmonella typhi infections |
|
Most important human pathogens in Haemophilus sp
|
H. influenzae
H. ducreyi |
|
Haemophilus influenzae. transmission. virulence factors.
|
Organisms transmitted person-to-person through respiratory secretions
Virulence factors Capsule antiphagocytic Endotoxin Stimulates inflammation Pili Allows adherence to epithelial cells |
|
what is the gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough?
|
Bordetella pertussis
|
|
Bordetella pertussis. transmission. symptoms. virulence factors.
|
Human pathogen- no animal or environmental reservior
Spread person to person through infectious aerosols Begins with cold-like symptoms Toxins released by bacteria cause death of ciliated epithelial cells Leads to paroxysms of coughing, lasting for weeks Individuals with waning immunity can be carriers, can have persistent, non-paroxysmal cough produces several adhesins: Filamentous hemagglutinin (adhere galactose residues of the glycolipids on the membrane of ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract), pertussis toxin, and pertactin |
|
Legionella sp. transmission. CM. virulence factors.
|
Transmission/epidemiology
Aquatic saprophytes Grow in amoebae in the water Survive high temperatures and treatment with chlorine Most infections occur in late summer and early fall Infections follow exposure to environmental source Clinical manifestations Usually infections are seen in elderly and in those with compromised pulmonary function. Legionnaire’s disease- pneumonia Virulence factors- survive in alveolar macrophages and monocytes; endotoxin |
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. transmission. CM. virulence factors.
|
Transmission/epidemiology
Found everywhere- soil, water, food and on plants. Survives many disinfectants Transmission to humans comes from some environmental source Usually involves an invasive device (Foley catheter) or destruction of an important protective structure (skin). Clinical manifestations- usually in compromised patients Outer ear infections- Swimmer’s ear and malignant otitis media (diabetics) Folliculitis- hot tub use Pneumonia- cystic fibrosis patients Wound infections- burn patients UTI- associated with Foley catheter Keratitis- contact wearers Virulence factors Adhesins Capsule Endotoxin Pyocyanin Exotoxin A and S Elastase |
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae. transmission. CM men vs women. local vs disseminated.
|
Transmission/epidemiology
Sexually transmitted infection To neonates during delivery Clinical manifestations Men- urethritis, proctitis, pharyngitis Women- cervicitis, urethritis, proctitis, pharyngitis Disseminated infections Women- PID, septicemia, skin and joint manifestations, septic arthritis Men- septicemia, skin and joint manifestations, septic arthritis Note most common cause of septic arthritis in sexually active young adults. |
|
Virulence Factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
Lacks capsule, although cell surface repels phagocytes
Pilin Pili that facilitate attachment to epithelial cells Opa proteins Mediate strong adherence to epithelial cells; gives N. gonorrheae colonies an opaque appearance Por protein (Porin) Pore in cell membrane for uptake of nutrients Aids bacterial invasion into epithelial cells Iron acquisition proteins (several) Lipooligosaccharide endotoxin-like activity IgA protease |
|
list 5 Enteric Gram-Negative Rods groups?
|
Enterobacteriaceae
Vibrio Campylobacter Helicobacter Bacteroides - covered in lecture on anaerobes |
|
Common Virulence Factors of Enterobacteriaceae
|
Endotoxin
Capsule Antigenic variation Iron acquisition proteins Resistance to complement Antibiotic resistance |
|
Salmonella enterica. virulence factors. transmission.
|
Found in GI tract of birds and reptiles Transmission/epidemiology
Consumption of contaminated foods Handling pets Fecal-oral transmission Need large number for infection (106-108) Virulence factors Attachment fimbriae Intracellular invasion- Type III secretory systems Secrete bacterial virulence factors into cells following attachment Intracellular survival Endotoxin |
|
which bacteria Do not ferment lactose; no H2S gas; nonmotile.
|
Shigella sp
|
|
Which Shigella sp. is most common in U.S. (particularly in daycare centers)?
|
S. sonnei
|
|
CM of Shigella sp.
|
Clinical manifestations
Fever, abdominal cramps, blood- and mucus-containing stools. Starts as diarrhea that then becomes dysentery (bloody) |
|
transmission and CM of Yersinia enterocolitica
|
Transmission
Ingestion of contaminated food, milk or water Able to grow at cold temperatures Farm animals (especially pigs) are normal reservior Clinical manifestations Diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain 1-2 weeks duration Chronic form can persist for months Reactive arthritis (discussed in lecture on infectious causes of arthritis) |
|
Vibrio cholera virulence factors.
|
Virulence factor
Cholera toxin increases cAMP levels. Ions go out of cell, water follows. |
|
Campylobacter sp most common in US?
|
Bacterial gastroenteritis- C. jejuni most common cause of this disease. Most common in U.S.= C. jejuni
|