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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Presternal region:
– is bordered by the margins of sternum – extends up to the osseous ends of the ribs – it is possible to provide the sternal punture in this region – is anteriorly covered only by the periosteum |
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Anterior axillary line:
– corresponds to the position of proximal segment of the cephalic vein – runs through the anterior axillary fold – represents the borderline between the axilla and thorax – is perpendicular to the node of Sorgius |
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Intercostal spaces:
– covers on their inner faces the endothoracic fascia – in their middle segments are placed intercostal lymphatic nodes – from the 3rd one caudally do not contain the intercostalis internus – from the 7th caudally leave them the intercostal nerves, which descend to the abdominal wall |
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Attachements of the ribs onto the sternum:
– directly to the sternum are attached the 1st – 7th ribs – 1st rib has on the sternum a common attachement with the clavicle – the 8th rib attaches on the cartilage of the 7th rib – the costal cartilages ossify after the 40th year |
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The sensitive innervation of the thoracic wall:
– the intercostal nerves innervate the parietal pleura sensitively – on this innervation take part the intercostal and supraclavicular nerves – parasternally take part on it also the sensitive fibers of the phrenic nerve – along the middle axillary line takes on it part also the long thoracic nerve. |
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Diaphragm:
– contains in the newborns the physiological oesophageal hernia of Bochdalek – has the costal part, beginning by its tips on the 7th – 12th ribs – is from the parietal layer of pericardium separated by the mediastinal pleura – has its motor innervation from the cervical plexus |
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Pleura:
– the pleural cupula proceeds into the scalenovertebral angle – the visceral pleura extends into the interlobar fissures – the parietal pleura does not have the sensitive innervation – the parietal pleura continues into the visceral one around the porta arteriarum pulmonalium |
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The borders of the lungs:
– dorsally correspond to those of the parietal pleura – the left interlobar fissure runs approximately along the 4th rib – the right horizontal interlobar fissure runs along the 4th rib – the left inferior pulmonary lobe completely fills the costo–diaphragmatic recess |
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The division of the mediastinum:
– corresponds to the projection of the pulmonar interlobar fissures – mediastinum is subdivided into the anterior, middle and posterior, the superior one does not exist – anterior mediastinum contains the parasternal lymphatic nodes – whole thoracic part of the oesophagus is placed in the posterior mediastinum |
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Superior mediastinum:
– projects behind the manubrium sterni – contains remnants of thymus and largeveins and arteries – exceeds over the 1st rib into the pleural cupula – on the right side contains the pulmonary ligament |
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Middle mediastinum:
– contains heart in the pericardial sac – on the right side contains the vagus n. – caudally does not extends to the diaphragm – between the parietal pleura and pericardium run through it the phrenic nerves |
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Abdominal regions:
– the epigastrium is space between the anterior wall of stomach and the diaphragm – the hypogastrium is space between the posterior wall of stomach and anterior face of the pancreas – the pubic region is the same area as the hypogastrium – the term „hypochondrium“ designates the subcostal region |
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Sensitive innervation of the abdominal wall:
– comes from the intercostal nerves and from some nerves of the lumbar plexus – comes only from the nerves of the lumbar plexus – parietal peritoneum is on the right side innervated by the vagus n. and on the left by the sympathetic fibres – the Head´s zones project the abdominal organs into the other body regions |
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Motor innervation of the abdominal muscles:
– comes from the sacral plexus – has its sources in the intercostal nerves and partially in the lumbar plexus – does not come from the phrenic nerve – all abdominal muscles have their innervation from the dorsal rami of L1 – L5 |
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The rectus sheath:
– has not the same arrangement along the whole length of the muscle – is attached to the muscle by the tendinous intersections – is not covered below the umbilicus by the transversal fascia – continues onto the thigh as the medial part of fascia lata |
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The direct inguinal hernia:
– passes the whole inguinal canal – passes the medial inguinal fossa – runs medially to the inferior epigastric vasa – presses in front to it the cord of umbilical artery |
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The indirect inguinal hernia:
– cannot contain the loops of the small intestine – passes the whole inguinal canal – in a form of inborn hernia appears also by the girls – does not appear by the men |
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The attachement of the transverse mesocolon:
– separates the tributary regions of the coeliac trunk and the mesenteric arteries – separates the innervation regions of the vagus n. and the of sacral parasympathetic nn. – crosses the descending part of the duodenum – separates the tributary regions of the portal vein and the azygos vein |
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Duodenum:
– consists of the descending, infrapancreatic and the ascending part – most of it is placed secondary retroperitoneally – is supplied by the branches of coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric a. – whole duodenum belongs to the contents of the supramesocolic part of the abdominal cavity |
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Omental bursa (lesser sac):
– is placed in the supramesocolic part of the abdominal cavity – is placed secondary retroperitoneally – its posterior wall represents the transversal fascia – is developmental derivative of both the ventral and dorsal mesentery |
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Hepatoduodenal ligament:
– contains the common bile duct and the portal vein – is another term for the round hepatic ligament – is absent by the agenesis of the gall bladder – represents the caudal margin of the original ventral mesentery |
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Portal vein:
– originates as the junction of the splenic and superior mesenteric vein – is placed in the hepatic porta ventrally to the cystic duct – does not accept the veins from the head of pancreas – drains also the blood from the greater omentum |
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Spleen:
– is placed ventrally to the left colic flexure – its long axis is parallel to the 10th rib – its whole surface is covered by the visceral peritoneum – is attached to the diaphragm by the splenocolic ligament |
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Gall bladder:
– has in its wall a layer of smooth muscle cells – its fundus projects into the McBurney´s point – consists of fundus, body and neck – is not developed in the newborns |
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The renal sheaths:
– their arrangement is bilaterally symmetrical – represent in the adults only the fibrous capsule and the pararenal fat pad – in the median line continue fluently from the left to the right – on their construction takes part the renal fascia |
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Scapular notch (Incisura scapulae):
– is a notch on lateral edge of the blade bone – contains vasa suprascapularia – is bridged by superior transverse scapular ligament – contains n. suprascapularis |
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Omotricipital foramen (Foramen omotricipitale):
– is bordered by humerus medially – is bordered by m. teres minor proximally – contains vasa circumflexa scapulae – contains n. infrascapularis |
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Humerotricipital foramen (Foramen humerotricipitale):
– is bordered by humerus laterally – is bordered by m. teres major distally – contains n. axillaris – contains a. circumflexa humeri ant. |
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Axilla:
– is hexagonal pyramid shaped – is ventrally bordered by m. pectoralis major – is medially bordered by humerus and its muscles – contains terminal part of a. subclavia |
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Medial bicipital groove (Sulcus bicipitalis medialis):
– runs between anterior and lateral group of muscles of the arm – contains n. cutaneus antebrachii med. – contains v. basilica – contains terminal branches of n. musculocutaneus |
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Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis):
– is medially bordered by m. pronator teres – contains n. cutaneus antebrachii lat. – is proximally bordered m. biceps brachii – contains terminal branches of n. axillaris |
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Pronatory canal (Canalis pronatorius):
– runs between heads of m. supinator – contains n. medianus – contains a. brachialis – runs between heads of m. flexor digitorum spf. |
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Supinatory canal (Canalis supinatorius):
– runs between portions of m. supinator – contains n. radialis and its branches – contains a. brachialis and its branches – runs between portions of m. flexor digitorum prof. |
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Foveola radialis:
– is bordered by m. flexor pollicis longus distally – contains v. basilica – contains r. superficialis n. radialis – is bordered by m. abductor pollicis longus palmary |
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Carpal canal (Canalis carpi):
– is bordered by ossa carpi ulnary – contains n. ulnaris – contains n. medianus – is bordered by lig. carpi obliquum palmary |
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Ulnar canal (Canalis ulnaris):
– contains n. ulnaris – is bordered by lig. pisohamatum dorsally – is bordered by m. palmaris brevis palmary – contains a. ulnaris |
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Cubital fossa (Fossa cubitalis) contains:
– n. radialis – n. ulnaris – n. medianus – n. axillaris |
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Axilla contains
– n. radialis – n. suprascapularis – n. infrascapularis – n. ulnaris |
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Carpal canal (Canalis carpi) contains:
– tendons of m. flexor digitorum spf. – tendons of m. flexor digitorum prof. – r. profundus n. ulnaris – r. profundus n. radialis |
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Spinoglenoidal notch (Incisura spinoglenoidalis):
– is bordered by lig. transversum scapulae sup. – contains n. suprascapularis – contains vasa infraglenoidalia – contains vasa suprascapularia |
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Lesser sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum majus):
– is bordered by lig. sacrospinale medially – is bordered by lig. sacrotuberale caudally – contains vasa glutea sup. – contains vasa glutea inf. |
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Suprapiriform foramen (Foramen suprapiriforme):
– is bordered by m. piriformis caudally – contains n. gluteus sup. – contains vasa circumflexa femoris post. – contains n. suprapiriformis |
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Infrapiriform foramen (Foramen infrapiriforme):
– is bordered by m. piriformis caudally – contains vasa glutea inf. – contains n. pudendus – contains a. circumflexa femoris ant. |
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Lesser sciatic foramen (Foramen ischiadicum minus):
– contains a. pudenda interna – is bordered by lig. sacrotuberale dorsally – contains n. pudendus – contains terminal branches of n. cutaneus feomoris post. |
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Lacuna vasorum:
– runs between anterior and medial group of muscles of thigh – contains n. cutaneus femoris med. – contains r. femoralis n. genitofemoralis – contains vasa femoralia |
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Lacuna musculorum:
– is bordered by arcus iliopectineus medially – contains n. cutaneus femoris lat. – is bordered by m. transversus abdominis ventrally – contains vasa femoralia |
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Femoral triangle (Trigonum femorale):
– is bordered m. adductor longus medially – contains n. ischiadicus – contains a. femoralis – runs between heads of m. adductor brevis |
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Adductory canal (Canalis adductorius):
– runs between portions of m. adductor magnus – contains n. ischiadicus and its branches – contains a. femoralis – distally runs between heads of m. triceps surae |
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Popliteal fossa (Fossa poplitea):
– is bordered by m. biceps femoris distally – contains v. popliteal – contains terminal branch of n. femoralis – its floor makes m. popliteus |
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Musculofibular canal (Canalis musculofibularis):
– is bordered by fibula laterally – contains n. fibularis – contains a. fibularis – is bordered by m. flexor hallucis longus dorsally |
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Between structures behind medial ankle (malleolus medialis) belongs:
– n. tibialis – n. fibularis – v. saphena parva – tendon of m. tibialis post. |
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Between structures in front of medial ankle (malleolus medialis) DOES NOT belong:
– n. suralis – n. saphenous – tendon of m. tibialis ant. – v. saphena parva |
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Iliopectineal fossa (Fossa iliopectinea):
– contains n. femoralis – contains a. profunda femoris – is bordered by m. iliopsoas laterally – is bordered by m. pectineus medially |
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Obturatory canal (Canalis obturatorius) contains:
– n. obturatorius – vasa obturatoria – r. obturatorius a. pudendae internae – r. obturatorius n. ilioinguinalis |
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