401 - Midterm Review

Front 1

Cranial Cavity

Back 1

Houses the brain. Lined with meninges.

Front 2

Vertebral Cavity

Back 2

Houses the spinal cord. Lined with meninges.

Front 3

Thoracic Cavity

Back 3

Has three smaller cavities - the pericardial cavity and two pleural cavities.

Front 4

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 4

Inferior to the diaphragm.

Front 5

Viscera

Back 5

The organs located inside the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 6

Sagittal Suture

Back 6

Unites two parietal bones.

Front 7

Coronal Suture

Back 7

Unites frontal and parietal bones.

Front 8

Lambdoid Suture

Back 8

Unites the two parietal bones to the occipital bone.

Front 9

External Occipital Protuberance

Back 9

Prominent bony landmark on the occipital region of the skull (hits pillow when body lies supine)

Front 10

Mandible - the ramus, body and angle

Back 10

Ramus - vertical portion
Body - horizontal portion
Angle - area where ramus meets the body

Front 11

Mastoid Process

Back 11

Prominent bony landmark situated posterior to the ear

Front 12

Carpals, Tarsals and Digits

Back 12

Wrist - Carpal
Foot - Tarsals
Fingers and Toes - Digits

Front 13

Image differences between X-Ray and MRI

Back 13

X-Ray - Bones are black
MRI - Bones are white

Front 14

Implantation

Back 14

Occurs about 6 days after fertilization

Front 15

Yolk Sac

Back 15

The site of early blood formation, and gives rise to gonadal stem cells (spermatogonia & oogonia)

Front 16

The Placenta

Back 16

Forms during the embryological period (3rd month)

Front 17

The Placental Barrier

Back 17

Chorionic villi extend into maternal blood filled intervillous spaces - maternal and fetal blood vessels do not join and blood does not mix

Front 18

The Fetus Development Stage

Back 18

Week 9 until birth

Front 19

Maternal changes during prenancy

Back 19

Increase in cardiac output and heart rate

Front 20

Centrosomes

Back 20

non-membranous sac with 2 centrioles - move chromosomes during cell division

Front 21

Rough ER

Back 21

has ribosomes - transports new proteins

Front 22

Cell Membrane Functions

Back 22

Does not synthesize proteins

Front 23

Stratum Basale

Back 23

Combination of Merkel cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes and stem cells that divide repeatedly.

Front 24

Epidermis

Back 24

Epithelial tissue only (ectodermal origin)

Front 25

Dermis

Back 25

Layer of connective tissue (mesodermal origin) with nerves, muscle and blood vessels

Front 26

Hypodermis

Back 26

Layer of adipose and areolar tissue, fat storage and blood vessels, nerve endings

Front 27

Arrector Pili

Back 27

Smooth muscle in dermis that contracts with cold or fear, forms goosebumps as hair is pulled vertically

Front 28

Papillary Region (top 20% of dermis)

Back 28

anchors epidermis to dermis, contains capillaries that feed epidermis and contains Meissner's corpuscles (touch) and free nerve endings (pain and temperature)

Front 29

Location of glands of the skin

Back 29

found in dermis, specialized exocrine glands: sebaceous (oil) glands

Front 30

The role of the epiphyseal plate in bone growth

Back 30

The growth in length of a long bone involves interstitial growth of cartilage on the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate and replacement of cartilage with bone by endochondral ossification on the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate.

Front 31

Spongy Bone

Back 31

Has low density; large spaces visible to the naked eye

Front 32

Syndactyly

Back 32

Fusion of the digits if apoptosis doesn't proceed normally

Front 33

Smooth Muscle

Back 33

Embyonic origin from lateral plate-spanchnic mesoderm

Front 34

Muscle contraction (step #2)

Back 34

Acetylcholine (ACh) released
from neuronal terminals into
Synpatic clefts

Front 35

Clostridium tetanii

Back 35

bacterium that attacks Central Nervous System
blocking the actions of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)

Front 36

hematokrit

Back 36

percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells

Front 37

Tissue hypoxia

Back 37

cells not getting enough O2

Front 38

Function of the Pericardium

Back 38

confinement of the heart to the mediastimun while allowing freedom of movement

Front 39

ventricular diastole

Back 39

Ventricles relax, blood fills ventricles through A-V valves

Front 40

ventricular systole

Back 40

Ventricles contract, blood pumped into aorta and pulmonary trunk through SL valves

Front 41

Capillaries

Back 41

No smooth muscle

Front 42

Lymphatic Capillaries in GI tract

Back 42

lacteals - contain chyle (fat)

Front 43

Thymus Gland

Back 43

Primary lymphatic organ

Front 44

Lymph Nodes

Back 44

masses of lymphatic tissue covered by capsule

Front 45

Lymphatic Nodules

Back 45

accumulation of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule

Front 46

Breast cancer affects this node

Back 46

axillary lymph nodes and lymphedema of the arm